Test Bank Physical Examination and Health Assessment

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acknowledging and taking responsibility for any part you may have played in provoking the patient's anger is important in effectively addressing the situation. By avoiding admission of your lateness, you may come across as dismissive of the patient's feelings and not addressing the issue at hand. It is essential to validate the patient's feelings and work towards finding a solution rather than avoiding the issue.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Finding a bounding carotid pulse suggests a wide pulse pressure, which can be associated with aortic insufficiency. Aortic insufficiency (also known as aortic regurgitation) is characterized by the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole due to incomplete closure of the aortic valve. This results in increased stroke volume and left ventricular pressure, leading to widened pulse pressure and a bounding arterial pulse. Therefore, when a bounding carotid pulse is detected in a patient, it is important to search for signs and symptoms of aortic insufficiency, such as a diastolic murmur heard best at the left sternal border and radiating to the neck.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A "red flag" regarding patients presenting with a headache is their age being over 50. This is because new-onset or persistent headaches in individuals over 50 may raise concerns about underlying serious conditions such as temporal arteritis, brain tumor, or other vascular issues. It is important to thoroughly evaluate and consider these possibilities in older patients with headaches to ensure appropriate management and timely intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Anisocoria refers to a condition where the pupils are of unequal size. Pathologic causes of anisocoria can include conditions such as Horner's syndrome. Horner's syndrome is a rare disorder caused by damage to the sympathetic nerves of the face and eye. Symptoms can include a constricted pupil (miosis), drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), and decreased sweating in the affected area. This results in anisocoria, where the affected pupil is smaller than the unaffected pupil. Other options listed (B-D) do not typically lead to pathologic anisocoria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presentation of multiple small, blood-red, raised lesions over the anterior chest and abdomen in a middle-aged man raises concern for a condition known as cherry angiomas. Cherry angiomas are common benign vascular growths often seen in middle-aged and older individuals. They are typically asymptomatic and do not require treatment unless they are bothersome to the patient cosmetically.