Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank Free

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: helicobacter pylori infection. This bacterium is a major cause of peptic ulcers by weakening the protective mucous layer of the stomach and duodenum. Research has shown a strong association between H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer development. Genetic defects in the gastric mucosa (choice A) are not a proven cause of peptic ulcers. While a high-fat diet (choice C) can exacerbate symptoms, it is not the primary cause. Work-related stress (choice D) may exacerbate symptoms but is not a direct cause of peptic ulcers. Therefore, choice B is the most supported and logical answer based on current research findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: canned tomato juice. Canned tomato juice is high in sodium content, which would not be suitable for a patient on a 2 gm sodium diet for heart failure. Sodium restriction is crucial in managing heart failure to reduce fluid retention and strain on the heart. Whole wheat bread, beef tenderloin strips, and apples are lower in sodium content compared to canned tomato juice, making them more appropriate choices for someone on a low-sodium diet.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (5 to 10 mcg/ml) because this range is typically considered therapeutic for phenytoin (Dilantin) for seizure control. Levels below 5 mcg/ml may be subtherapeutic, leading to inadequate seizure control. Levels above 10 mcg/ml can increase the risk of toxicity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are outside the optimal therapeutic range, leading to either ineffective treatment (B, C) or an increased risk of adverse effects (D). Monitoring drug levels helps ensure the medication's effectiveness while minimizing side effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, below 70mg/dl, for a hypoglycemic client. Hypoglycemia is defined as low blood glucose levels, typically below 70mg/dl. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, sweating, shakiness, and palpitations. Treating hypoglycemia involves providing the client with a fast-acting source of glucose to raise their blood sugar levels quickly. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they indicate normal or elevated blood glucose levels, which are not characteristic of hypoglycemia. It is crucial for the nurse to recognize and promptly address hypoglycemia to prevent potential complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ELISA and Western Blot. The rationale is as follows: ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western Blot are specific tests used to confirm HIV infection by detecting antibodies or antigens related to the virus. ELISA is the initial screening test, while Western Blot is the confirmatory test. These tests are highly sensitive and specific for HIV detection. Choice A is incorrect because CD4+ cell count and thymus function are not tests used to confirm HIV infection. They are used to monitor disease progression and immune function in HIV-positive individuals. Choice C is incorrect because B-cell and T-cell count are also not tests used to confirm HIV infection. They are indicators of immune system health but not specific for HIV diagnosis. Choice D is incorrect because while CD4+ and viral load tests are used in monitoring HIV progression, ELISA is the main confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis, and viral load is not typically used for initial