Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: participatory. This is because the nurse managers are actively involved in designing their unit budgets to meet the established goals set by the executive administrative leaders. In a participatory budgeting approach, input and collaboration from lower-level managers or staff members are encouraged, allowing for a more inclusive and bottom-up decision-making process. This approach fosters ownership, accountability, and transparency in budget planning. Summary of other choices: A: top-down - This approach involves setting budget goals and directives from the top management without much input or involvement from lower-level managers. Not applicable in this scenario. C: iterative - This approach involves making continuous adjustments and refinements to the budget based on feedback and performance data. Not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. D: incremental - This approach involves making small adjustments to the previous budget period. While there may be some incremental changes, the scenario emphasizes a more collaborative process involving nurse managers, making this choice less suitable.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clara Maas. Clara Maas died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoes to provide care during the Spanish-American War. This is correct because Clara Maas was a real historical figure known for her selfless dedication to nursing and her sacrifice to help others. Florence Nightingale (A) is renowned for her work in nursing during the Crimean War, but she did not die from acquiring yellow fever. Margaret Hoolihan (B) and Sairy Gamp (D) are fictional characters and not relevant to the historical context of the Spanish-American War.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: empacho. Empacho is a traditional Hispanic folk illness characterized by a blockage in the digestive system. In this scenario, the behavior of pinching the skin and listening for a snap in the abdominal region aligns with the common practice associated with empacho diagnosis. The family member is likely trying to detect an abnormal sound, indicating a blockage in the intestines. The other choices (A: mal ojo, B: susto, C: bilis) do not fit the description of the observed behavior and symptoms. Mal ojo refers to the evil eye, susto is a fright-related illness, and bilis pertains to an imbalance of bodily fluids, none of which involve the specific diagnostic behavior described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking about the number of children the candidate has could potentially lead to discrimination based on family responsibilities, which is illegal. This question is not related to the candidate's ability to perform the job duties in the operating room. A: Asking about criminal convictions is legal for certain positions for safety reasons. B: Mentioning pre-employment checks is standard practice and not illegal. C: Inquiring about weaknesses is a common interview question and not discriminatory.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lillian Wald. Lillian Wald is credited with founding the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, which pioneered the practice of public health nursing in the United States. She emphasized the importance of providing healthcare services to underserved populations in their own communities. Mary Breckenridge, known for establishing the Frontier Nursing Service, is not associated with the Henry Street Settlement. Mary Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse known for her work during the Crimean War, not for public health nursing in the US. Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross, not the Henry Street Settlement. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Lillian Wald.