ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Viscous (soluble) fiber binds with bile acids in the intestine, which are then excreted. The liver must use cholesterol to make more bile acids, thereby lowering blood cholesterol levels. Choice A is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not bind with cholesterol in the large intestine. Choice C is incorrect as soluble fiber does not directly bind with cholesterol in the blood. Choice D is incorrect as insoluble fiber does not convert to bile in the large intestine to bind with cholesterol.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The bolus is not transported to the stomach by osmosis and gravity, but by peristalsis. Peristalsis is the involuntary constriction and relaxation of muscles to push the bolus through the digestive system. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements. A bolus is indeed a mass of food, the swallowing reflex does move the bolus into the esophagus, and the bolus does not penetrate the diaphragm through the esophageal hiatus; instead, it enters the stomach through the lower esophageal sphincter.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Finding a breastfeeding support group is crucial for a lactating mother to establish and maintain successful breastfeeding. This group can offer valuable advice, tips, and encouragement, helping the mother troubleshoot any issues that may arise during breastfeeding. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because breastfeeding is a natural process that should not be overly scheduled, and giving a pacifier between feedings can interfere with establishing proper breastfeeding techniques.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin D and vitamin B12. Vegans may need to supplement vitamin D and B12 as these nutrients are mainly found in animal products. While choices A, C, and D are essential vitamins, they are not typically lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamin C can be obtained from various plant sources, vitamin A can be derived from beta-carotene in plants, and vitamin E and K are also found in plant-based foods. Niacin, although important, can be sourced from plant-based sources and is not a common deficiency in vegan diets.