Midwifery Exam Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing hypothermia and facilitating tactile stimulation. Dry wiping during neonatal resuscitation helps prevent hypothermia by removing wetness from the baby's skin. It also facilitates tactile stimulation, which can help stimulate the baby's breathing. Summary: B: Preventing hemorrhage and clearing of the airway - Dry wiping does not prevent hemorrhage or clear the airway directly. C: Preventing infection and facilitating tactile stimulation - While dry wiping can help prevent infection, its primary aim during neonatal resuscitation is to prevent hypothermia. D: Improving the appearance and preventing infection - Dry wiping is not done for cosmetic reasons; its main purpose is to prevent hypothermia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Transmural myocardial infarction. Subtotal plaque disruption leads to vasoconstriction, platelet activation, and embolization, causing complete occlusion of a coronary artery. This results in ischemia of the entire thickness of the myocardial wall, leading to transmural myocardial infarction. Endothelial cell dysfunction (A) is an early event in atherosclerosis but does not directly result from subtotal plaque disruption. Prinzmetal's angina (B) is caused by transient coronary artery spasm rather than plaque disruption. Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (D) involves incomplete blockage of a coronary artery and typically does not result from subtotal plaque disruption.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein intake of 50 g daily. In hepatic encephalopathy, reducing protein intake helps decrease ammonia production. Excessive ammonia leads to neurological symptoms. Lactulose (choice A) is correct for hepatic encephalopathy as it helps eliminate ammonia through the gut. Spironolactone (choice B) is a diuretic and not indicated for hepatic encephalopathy. Zolpidem (choice D) is a sleep aid and not relevant to managing ammonia accumulation. In summary, choice C is correct because it directly targets the underlying issue of ammonia accumulation in hepatic encephalopathy, while the other choices do not address this specific concern.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preventing hypothermia and facilitating tactile stimulation. Dry wiping during neonatal resuscitation helps prevent hypothermia by removing wetness from the baby's skin. It also facilitates tactile stimulation, which can help stimulate the baby's breathing. Summary: B: Preventing hemorrhage and clearing of the airway - Dry wiping does not prevent hemorrhage or clear the airway directly. C: Preventing infection and facilitating tactile stimulation - While dry wiping can help prevent infection, its primary aim during neonatal resuscitation is to prevent hypothermia. D: Improving the appearance and preventing infection - Dry wiping is not done for cosmetic reasons; its main purpose is to prevent hypothermia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because placenta praevia can lead to severe bleeding during childbirth, posing high risks to both the mother and the baby. This condition occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to bleeding as the cervix dilates during labor. Choice A is incorrect because bleeding in placenta praevia is not related to the segment preparing for labor. Choice B is incorrect as bleeding is primarily due to the abnormal placement of the placenta, not from pathological processes. Choice C is incorrect as bleeding can occur before 37 weeks in cases of placenta praevia.