foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: bacterial endocarditis. Mitral valve stenosis increases the risk of bacterial endocarditis due to turbulent blood flow and potential damage to the heart valve. Prophylactic antibiotics are recommended before certain procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis in patients with underlying cardiac conditions. Choice A, hypertension, is incorrect as mitral valve stenosis does not directly increase the risk of developing hypertension. Choice B, postpartum infection, is not directly related to the risk associated with mitral valve stenosis. Choice D, upper respiratory infections, is not a specific risk associated with mitral valve stenosis in pregnant patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inform the urologist of this finding. In this scenario, significant urine leakage around the suprapubic tube indicates a potential issue with the tube placement or functioning. It is crucial to involve the urologist, who is the specialist managing the patient's urological interventions, to assess and address the cause of the leakage promptly. This action ensures timely and appropriate intervention to prevent complications such as infection or further damage. Choice A is incorrect because simply cleansing the skin does not address the underlying issue of urine leakage. Choice C is incorrect and potentially harmful as removing the suprapubic tube without professional assessment can lead to serious complications. Choice D is incorrect as administering antispasmodic drugs may not be the appropriate action without further evaluation by the urologist.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Allowing the patient to express her feelings without judging her. This intervention has the highest priority as it focuses on providing emotional support and creating a safe space for the mother to express her emotions without feeling judged. In this situation, the mother is experiencing intense guilt and grief, and allowing her to talk about her feelings can help her process her emotions and cope with the impending loss. By listening actively and without judgment, the nurse can demonstrate empathy and compassion, which are crucial in supporting the mother through this difficult time. Summary: B: Helping the patient to understand the phases of the grieving process may be helpful, but it is not the highest priority at this moment. C: Reassuring the patient that the child's death is not her fault is important, but the priority is to address the mother's emotional needs first. D: Arranging for genetic counseling is not the highest priority at this time as the immediate focus should be on providing emotional support to the mother

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Financial pressures on health care providers. Physicians may be reluctant to refer patients to hospice care due to financial pressures. This could be because hospice care may be seen as less profitable compared to other treatments or services. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Patient reluctance is not a contributing factor from the physician's perspective. C: Hospice care is actually focused on comfort and quality of life, not prolonging death. D: Advances in curative treatment may not be directly related to physician reluctance to refer to hospice. E: Ease of making a terminal diagnosis is not a significant factor influencing physician reluctance.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): The nurse can presume the patient has candidiasis since miconazole is commonly used to treat fungal infections like vaginal yeast infections caused by Candida. This medication works by stopping the growth of the fungus. Therefore, the patient's use of miconazole indicates a probable diagnosis of candidiasis. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Bacterial vaginosis): Miconazole is not used to treat bacterial infections like bacterial vaginosis, which is caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. B (HPV): Miconazole is not used to treat viral infections like HPV, which is a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus. D (TSS): Miconazole is not used to treat toxic shock syndrome, which is a severe complication of certain bacterial infections and is not typically associated with miconazole use.