Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: decision support. In this scenario, the nurse inputs clinical manifestations into a computer program to assist in generating a diagnosis. Decision support systems use algorithms and data to provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based recommendations or diagnoses. In this case, the system likely recognized the combination of clinical signs as indicative of fat emboli. Telehealth (B) involves remote healthcare services, not diagnosis. Robotic technology (C) and biometric technology (D) are not directly related to clinical diagnosis like decision support systems are.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Theories. Theories are comprehensive explanations that scholars use to understand commonly occurring events by organizing and explaining a set of principles or laws. Theories help in predicting and controlling events based on established frameworks. Constructs (B) refer to abstract concepts within theories, systems (C) are organized structures of elements, and propositions (D) are statements that describe relationships between concepts, but they do not provide the comprehensive explanations that theories do.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the intensity of care needed by patients based on physical and psychosocial factors is essential to determine appropriate staffing levels. Understanding patient needs ensures adequate staff allocation for quality care delivery. Examining staff education (B) and skill level (C) is important but comes after assessing patient needs. Reviewing the budget (D) is necessary but should not be the first step in staffing planning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: decontamination. Decontamination is the process of removing harmful chemicals from equipment and supplies to prevent further exposure and contamination. In this scenario, the disaster medical assistance team is working to contain contaminants first and then proceed with decontamination to ensure the safety of personnel. Containment (choice A) refers to preventing the spread of contaminants, not removing them. Triage (choice C) is the process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their injuries, not removing chemicals. Scene assessment (choice D) involves evaluating the situation to determine the extent of the disaster, not the removal of harmful chemicals.