Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: decision support. In this scenario, the nurse inputs clinical manifestations into a computer program to assist in generating a diagnosis. Decision support systems use algorithms and data to provide healthcare professionals with evidence-based recommendations or diagnoses. In this case, the system likely recognized the combination of clinical signs as indicative of fat emboli. Telehealth (B) involves remote healthcare services, not diagnosis. Robotic technology (C) and biometric technology (D) are not directly related to clinical diagnosis like decision support systems are.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because feedback is an essential component of the communication process. Feedback allows the receiver to respond to the sender, indicating understanding or seeking clarification. This two-way interaction is crucial for effective communication. In contrast, choice A is incorrect as communication components are interdependent, not mutually exclusive. Choice B is also incorrect as communication is often non-linear and involves feedback loops. Choice C is incorrect because communication involves various elements beyond just the sender and the receiver, such as context, message, and noise.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). ANCC is the primary organization responsible for certifying advanced practice nurses in specialized areas. They provide information on requirements for practice, certification exams, and continuing education. ANA (A) focuses on promoting the profession of nursing. NLN (B) focuses on nursing education. NCSBN (D) oversees the state boards of nursing and does not specifically provide information on requirements for practice in specialized areas.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Florence Nightingale. Occupational health nursing shares beliefs with Florence Nightingale as she emphasized the importance of proper sanitation, hygiene, and preventive care in nursing practice. Nightingale's focus on maintaining a healthy environment aligns with the core principles of occupational health nursing. Lillian Wald is known for her work in public health nursing, Clara Barton for founding the American Red Cross, and Mary Seacole for her contributions during the Crimean War. While these pioneers made significant contributions to nursing, their beliefs and focus areas differ from those of occupational health nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.