microbiology an introduction 13th edition test bank

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: leg swelling. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Symptoms typically include fever, chills, weight loss, and muscle aches due to the body's immune response to the infection. Leg swelling is not a common symptom of endocarditis. It may occur in conditions like heart failure but is not directly associated with endocarditis. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because fever and chills, weight loss, and muscle aches are commonly seen in endocarditis due to the systemic inflammatory response to the infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. E. coli is the most common bacteria responsible for causing urinary tract infections due to its ability to adhere to the urinary tract lining and multiply rapidly. It is a normal inhabitant of the gut and can enter the urinary tract through improper hygiene practices. Salmonella enterica and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are typically associated with other infections like food poisoning and gonorrhea, respectively. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, not urinary tract infections. Thus, based on its prevalence and pathogenicity in the urinary tract, E. coli is the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most probable diagnosis is Tetanus (Choice A) based on the symptoms described. Tetanus is characterized by muscle stiffness, difficulty opening the mouth (trismus), muscle spasms, and convulsions. The progression of symptoms from muscle tension to generalized convulsions every 10-15 min is classic for tetanus. Tetania (Choice B) is similar but typically presents with more subtle muscle contractions rather than convulsions. Meningoencephalitis (Choice C) presents with fever, headache, and altered mental status, not the muscle symptoms described. Hemorrhagic stroke (Choice D) presents with sudden onset neurological deficits like weakness or sensory changes, not the muscle symptoms described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis is known for its ability to resist heat and radiation due to its formation of endospores, which are highly resistant structures that protect the bacterium from harsh environmental conditions. This resilience allows Bacillus subtilis to survive in extreme environments where other bacteria cannot. Explanation of other choices: A: Escherichia coli is not known for its exceptional resistance to heat and radiation. C: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not particularly resistant to heat and radiation compared to Bacillus subtilis. D: Clostridium perfringens is not as well-known for its heat and radiation resistance as Bacillus subtilis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium known to cause cholera, a foodborne illness transmitted through contaminated water. Step 2: Cholera outbreaks are often linked to unsanitary water sources, making Vibrio cholerae the correct choice. Step 3: Clostridium difficile causes gastrointestinal infections, not typically associated with contaminated water. Step 4: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a respiratory disease, not related to foodborne illnesses. Step 5: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a sexually transmitted bacterium, not linked to foodborne illnesses from contaminated water.