Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Proactive care emphasizes prevention and early intervention. 2. The Quality Chasm report advocates for patient-centered care. 3. Being proactive ensures better health outcomes and lower costs. 4. Reactive care may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Summary: B: Focusing on common needs ignores individual preferences, contradicting patient-centered care. C: Limiting medical information to one provider is not patient-centered and hinders care coordination. D: Allowing specialized providers to control decisions may not consider the holistic needs of the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Team. In a team care delivery model, multiple healthcare professionals work collaboratively to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is demonstrated in the visual of the orthopedic unit considering different types of care delivery models. The team model emphasizes teamwork, communication, and coordination among healthcare providers to ensure holistic patient care. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: B: Partnership typically involves collaboration between healthcare providers and patients but may not necessarily involve multiple healthcare professionals working together as a team. C: Primary care delivery model focuses on the patient's main point of contact, usually a primary care physician, rather than a team approach. D: Functional care delivery model organizes care based on specific functions or tasks, which may not emphasize the collaborative teamwork seen in a team care delivery model.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: kidney stones. High calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones due to excess calcium being excreted in the urine. The nurse should assess for symptoms like flank pain, hematuria, and frequent urination. Excessive bleeding (choice A) is not directly related to high calcium intake. Lower blood sugar (choice C) and jaundice (choice D) are not typically associated with calcium intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge. This is a key clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients as aspirin is a standard treatment to prevent further cardiac events. It is crucial for patient safety and adherence to national guidelines. Choice B is incorrect as patient teaching on smoking cessation, although important, is not a direct clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients. Choice C is incorrect as beta blocker administration upon arrival is important for heart attack patients, but it is not specific to evaluating the hospital's care compared to national standards. Choice D is incorrect as employer support for stress modification is not a clinical indicator relevant to evaluating care of heart attack patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Participatory. In participatory budget development, input is gathered from various levels within the organization, such as staff and managers. In this scenario, the nurse manager met with her staff to establish strategic goals before budget negotiations, indicating a participatory approach. This allows for staff buy-in and ownership of the goals. A: Iterative budget development involves refining a budget through multiple rounds of review, which is not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. B: Top-down budget development is characterized by decisions made by upper management without input from lower levels, contradicting the scenario where staff provided input. D: Zero-based budgeting starts from scratch without considering previous budgets, which is not evident in the scenario where goals were established based on staff input. In summary, the participatory budget development is the appropriate choice in this scenario as it aligns with the collaborative approach taken by the nurse manager and her staff in setting strategic goals before budget negotiations.