ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2023 Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin D and vitamin B12. Vegans may need to supplement vitamin D and B12 as these nutrients are mainly found in animal products. While choices A, C, and D are essential vitamins, they are not typically lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamin C can be obtained from various plant sources, vitamin A can be derived from beta-carotene in plants, and vitamin E and K are also found in plant-based foods. Niacin, although important, can be sourced from plant-based sources and is not a common deficiency in vegan diets.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is an ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed when a positively charged metal ion joins with a negatively charged nonmetal ion, resulting in a transfer of electrons. In contrast, a covalent bond involves sharing electrons between atoms rather than complete transfer. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the molecule's chemical properties. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms where electrons are shared across a delocalized electron cloud.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Plant sterols interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption in the intestines. This interference helps lower LDL cholesterol levels by reducing the amount of cholesterol that enters the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because plant sterols primarily work by interfering with cholesterol and bile absorption, not by reducing cholesterol synthesis, suppressing inflammation, or reducing blood clotting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is vital for the synthesis of clotting factors, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and skin health, not blood clotting. Vitamin E (Choice B) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage but is not directly involved in blood clotting. Vitamin C (Choice D) is essential for collagen synthesis and a healthy immune system, but it does not play a direct role in blood clotting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), higher fat intake can be beneficial because it provides more calories with less respiratory burden compared to carbohydrates. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, and peripheral vascular disease do not specifically benefit from higher fat intakes as in COPD.