Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Before initiating hydrotherapy for pain relief during labor, the nurse's priority action should be to assess the maternal and fetal conditions to determine if the mother is eligible for this form of pain management. It is essential to ensure that hydrotherapy is safe and appropriate for the specific situation. Assessing the maternal condition includes evaluating factors such as the stage of labor, maternal and fetal well-being, and any medical conditions that could impact the use of hydrotherapy. This assessment helps to identify any contraindications or risks that may affect the mother and baby during hydrotherapy. By conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse can make an informed decision about whether hydrotherapy is suitable for the woman in labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid medications are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for dyspnea in palliative care patients with advanced cancer. Opioids help relieve dyspnea by reducing respiratory drive and the sensation of breathlessness, providing effective symptom management. In this case, addressing the patient's dyspnea with opioid medications would likely also help alleviate their anxiety related to breathlessness. Administering oxygen therapy (choice A) may not be effective at relieving dyspnea in this situation, as dyspnea in advanced cancer patients is often not primarily due to low oxygen levels. Teaching pursed-lip breathing techniques (choice B) and referring the patient to a respiratory therapist for breathing exercises (choice D) may be helpful complementary interventions, but opioid medications should be the priority for symptom management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sensitivity refers to the ability of an instrument to detect small or fine differences among the subjects being studied. In the context of research or measurement tools, sensitivity is crucial for identifying subtle variations in the data that may hold importance in the analysis. A sensitive instrument can accurately measure and record even the smallest changes, making it a valuable criterion when assessing the quality of a measurement tool in research studies. High sensitivity indicates that the instrument is more likely to pick up on nuances and variations in the data, providing researchers with more detailed and accurate information to work with.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immunological memory is primarily maintained by the clonal expansion of memory B cells. Memory B cells are a type of long-lived immune cell that originates from previously activated B cells during an immune response to a pathogen. When the immune system encounters the same pathogen again, memory B cells can quickly recognize and respond to it by undergoing rapid clonal expansion and differentiation into plasma cells that produce specific antibodies. This quick and robust response leads to the more efficient elimination of the pathogen during secondary exposure, resulting in the faster and stronger immune response characteristic of immunological memory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass, along with imaging findings of a large heterogeneous renal mass with necrosis and calcifications are highly suggestive of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The presence of necrosis and calcifications are characteristic features of RCC. Imaging modalities such as CT scans or MRI can confirm the diagnosis by showing the typical features of RCC, including a solid mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. It is important to further evaluate this patient, likely with a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease for appropriate management.