Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and life-threatening complication during labor and delivery. It occurs when amniotic fluid or fetal cells enter the maternal circulation, triggering a rapid immune response that can lead to cardiovascular collapse and respiratory failure. The priority nursing intervention for a woman in active labor diagnosed with an amniotic fluid embolism is to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to support her vital functions and circulation. Providing immediate CPR can help sustain her until further medical interventions can be implemented. Administering oxygen and preparing for a cesarean section may be necessary but should occur after CPR is initiated to stabilize the woman's condition. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not the priority in this emergency situation, as maintaining adequate cardiac and respiratory function takes precedence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The purpose of record keeping in healthcare is primarily to ensure quality health care. Maintaining accurate and up-to-date records of patient information, including medical history, treatments, medications, and test results, allows healthcare providers to make informed decisions about patient care. Access to complete and organized records helps in providing timely and effective treatments, reducing errors, and ensuring continuity of care. By tracking and documenting patient care, healthcare professionals can assess outcomes, monitor progress, and improve overall quality of healthcare services. Additionally, thorough record keeping also supports communication between healthcare providers and facilitates coordination of care across different healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first priority for a nurse caring for a patient experiencing a seizure is safety. Ensuring the safety of the patient is crucial to prevent injury during the seizure episode. This includes clearing the area around the patient of any harmful objects, preventing the patient from falling or hitting their head, placing them in a safe position to prevent aspiration if they vomit, and staying with the patient until the seizure ends. Once the patient is safe, the nurse can then focus on other aspects of care such as assessing airway, providing emotional support, and monitoring for complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ménière's disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms including progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. The audiometric testing in Ménière's disease often shows a "carrot-shaped" configuration, which refers to low-frequency hearing loss initially and eventually spreading to involve higher frequencies. This distinctive pattern of hearing loss helps differentiate Ménière's disease from other causes like Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) or Noise-induced hearing loss. Acoustic neuroma can present with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss but typically does not exhibit the specific "carrot-shaped" configuration seen in Ménière's disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by abnormal antiphospholipid antibodies, which can lead to an increased risk of blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The two most common antiphospholipid antibodies are anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant. Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome can present with recurrent thrombotic events, such as DVT and PE, due to the pro-thrombotic effects of these antibodies. Protein C deficiency, Protein S deficiency, and Antithrombin III deficiency are other causes of hypercoagulability but would not typically present with elevated antiphospholipid antibodies.