Proctored Nutrition ATI

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal products, so individuals following a vegan diet are at risk of deficiency as they do not consume these sources. Vitamin C, Carbohydrates, and Fiber are not specifically at risk for deficiency in vegan diets as they can be obtained from plant-based sources.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The statement is TRUE. Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to an abnormal amino acid sequence. This results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin molecules, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped. This inherited condition is a classic example of a genetic error affecting the amino acid sequence, making choice A the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the nature of sickle cell disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In patients with renal insufficiency, impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus. High phosphorus levels can result in further complications such as bone and heart problems. Therefore, limiting the intake of phosphorus is crucial. Potassium and sodium restrictions may also be necessary in renal insufficiency, but the primary concern related to nutrients is phosphorus in this scenario. Calcium, while important for bone health, does not typically need to be restricted in renal insufficiency unless there is a specific medical reason to do so.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Villi and microvilli in the GI tract serve to increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as villi and microvilli are primarily involved in enhancing absorption, not in producing bile, killing bacteria, or producing vitamin K.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is A and B. Switching to more nutrient-dense foods can help Miguel feel full despite eating enough calories. Nutrient-dense foods provide essential nutrients and are more satisfying. Drinking adequate water is also crucial for overall health and can help with feelings of fullness. Choice D is incorrect because while fat can contribute to satiety, it should be consumed in balance with other nutrients. Consuming foods with high fat content excessively may lead to other health issues and does not address the underlying problem of feeling constantly hungry despite eating.