Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: fear of completion. This is because the student nurse is prolonging the conclusion of the project despite constantly adding new information and filtering it out slowly to others. This behavior indicates a reluctance to finish the project, likely due to a fear of moving on to the next stage or fear of evaluation. The student nurse is enjoying the attention and positive feedback, leading to a delay in completing the task. A: The need for perfection is not the primary obstacle in this scenario as the student nurse is not necessarily striving for perfection but rather avoiding completion. B: Fear of losing creativity is not the main issue here as the student nurse is still adding new information, indicating creativity is not the concern. C: Unclear goals do not seem to be the obstacle as the student nurse is actively engaged in the project and receiving positive feedback.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Zero-based. Zero-based budgeting requires starting from scratch each budget cycle, meaning all expenses must be justified regardless of previous budgets. In this scenario, the nurse managers are planning for a budget based on the expectation of lower patient census due to the economic slowdown. This aligns with the zero-based approach as they will need to re-evaluate and justify all expenses to accommodate the changes in patient volume. A: Incremental budgeting involves making adjustments to the previous budget, which is not suitable for significant changes like a decrease in patient census. C: Productivity metrics focus on measuring efficiency and performance, rather than the budgeting approach. D: Capital budgeting is related to long-term investments in assets, which is not the primary focus in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the Palliative Performance Scale assesses functional status in palliative care. A patient with 70% normal function would have a score of 70 on the scale, indicating that they are still able to ambulate but with limitations due to their illness. Choice A is incorrect because inability to hold a job does not directly correlate with functional status. Choice B is incorrect as spending most of the day in bed suggests a lower level of functioning. Choice D is incorrect as being bed bound indicates a more severe impairment in function compared to a patient who can still ambulate with limitations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because libel refers to written defamatory statements. In this scenario, subjective comments written in the nurse's notes can be considered libel as they are documented in writing. Choice B is incorrect because it describes negative comments made verbally, which would be considered slander, not libel. Choice C is incorrect as it involves verbal communication, which falls under slander, not libel. Choice D is incorrect as it describes repeating prejudiced comments verbally, which is also considered slander, not libel.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately reflects the impact of Florence Nightingale's efforts during the Crimean War on nursing care during the Civil War. Nightingale advocated for sanitary conditions which led to improved housing for soldiers in the Civil War. This is supported by historical evidence. A is incorrect because the emphasis on nursing care differed between the wars, with the Crimean War focusing more on basic care and the Civil War emphasizing sanitary conditions. C is incorrect because black nurses faced discrimination and unequal compensation during both wars, and Mary Seacole's contributions were not widely recognized during the Civil War. D is incorrect because Nightingale did not complete formal nursing training before her work in the Crimean War, and Dix was already an experienced nurse before the Civil War.