Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence. Summary: Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: patient-centered care. Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. In this scenario, the nurse and dietitian are adjusting the patient's meals to accommodate cultural practices, showing a commitment to providing care that is respectful and responsive to the patient's cultural beliefs. This approach promotes better patient outcomes and satisfaction. Summary of incorrect choices: A: a sentinel event - This refers to a serious, preventable adverse event, which does not apply in this situation. B: an adverse event - This typically refers to harm caused by medical care, which is not the case here. D: the communication technique of "call-out" - This refers to a technique used in healthcare to alert team members to unsafe situations, which is not relevant to the scenario provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: letters of commendation. Nursing professionals typically include letters of commendation in their portfolios to showcase their achievements, skills, and positive feedback from colleagues or supervisors. This demonstrates their competence and professionalism. Family pictures (A) and high school achievements (D) are not relevant to a nursing portfolio. Articles describing lack of quality in healthcare (C) could reflect negatively on the professional and are not typically included in a portfolio meant to highlight accomplishments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC). 1. EMAC is a mutual aid agreement among states for disaster response. 2. It allows affected states to request and receive assistance from other states. 3. It facilitates coordination and deployment of resources quickly in emergencies. 4. IOM focuses on health research, Red Cross on humanitarian aid, and Strategic National Stockpile on medical supplies, but they do not provide the immediate multi-sectoral assistance needed in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Environment. Nursing theory often includes the concept of environment, which encompasses physical, social, and psychological factors influencing a patient's health. This concept helps nurses understand the context in which care is provided and how it impacts health outcomes. Incorrect choices: B: Health - While health is a fundamental aspect of nursing, it is not specific to nursing theory concepts. C: Nursing - This is a broad term encompassing the profession itself, not a specific concept within nursing theory. D: Relevance - This term is not directly associated with nursing theory concepts and does not provide a framework for understanding nursing practice.