Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Grounded theory is the correct answer because it involves developing a theory based on analyzing data collected from participants. In this case, the researcher is reviewing data from a grief support group to identify patterns and themes, ultimately leading to the development of a theory on how widows and widowers mourn. Phenomenology focuses on understanding individuals' lived experiences, not developing theories. Case study involves an in-depth analysis of a single case, not suitable for developing a theory. Hypothesis generation is part of quantitative research, not qualitative research design.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: National Institute of Nursing Research. This organization is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and specifically focuses on funding nursing research. The NIH is a federal agency that provides funding for various scientific research areas, including nursing. The other choices, B: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, C: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and D: Sigma Theta Tau International, are not federal organizations and do not provide federal funding. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is a private philanthropic organization, W. K. Kellogg Foundation is a private foundation focused on children's wellbeing, and Sigma Theta Tau International is an honor society for nursing professionals.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Medicare will pay for home health services should these additional services meet the needs of the individual. 1. Medicare covers home health services for individuals who meet specific criteria, which may include being homebound, needing skilled nursing care, and having a care plan established by a healthcare provider. 2. In this scenario, the elderly person is reasonably healthy and only requires minimal assistance with oral medications, indicating that she may benefit from home health services rather than long-term care. 3. Since the elderly person is financially secure, it is likely that she does not meet the eligibility criteria for Medicaid, which is a need-based program for individuals with limited income and resources. 4. Medicare does not cover long-term care in a nursing home unless specific criteria are met, such as requiring skilled services on a short-term basis. In this case, the elderly person's need for assistance with oral medications does not necessarily qualify as a skilled service for nursing home care. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: randomization. Randomization helps ensure improved generalizability by reducing bias and increasing the likelihood that the sample is representative of the population. In this scenario, choosing every third person from an alphabetical list introduces a systematic bias and may not represent the entire population accurately. Triangulation involves using multiple methods or data sources to validate findings, which is not applicable here. Informed consent is a necessary ethical consideration but does not directly impact generalizability. A meta-analysis approach involves combining and analyzing data from multiple studies, which is not relevant to the sampling method in this scenario. Thus, randomization is the best choice to improve generalizability in this study.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Proactive care emphasizes prevention and early intervention. 2. The Quality Chasm report advocates for patient-centered care. 3. Being proactive ensures better health outcomes and lower costs. 4. Reactive care may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Summary: B: Focusing on common needs ignores individual preferences, contradicting patient-centered care. C: Limiting medical information to one provider is not patient-centered and hinders care coordination. D: Allowing specialized providers to control decisions may not consider the holistic needs of the patient.