foundation of nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The preceptor would need to follow up with the new nurse for charting consecutively on every other line. This behavior is incorrect as it can lead to confusion and potential errors in documentation. Correct charting practice involves documenting consecutively, line by line without skipping lines in between. The preceptor should provide guidance and correction to ensure accurate and organized documentation for patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging the patient to verbalize her questions and concerns is the best way to assess her specific educational, physical, or psychosocial needs during preoperative teaching for an incisional biopsy of a right breast mass. This approach allows the nurse to better understand the patient's knowledge level, fears, anxieties, and any misconceptions she may have related to the procedure. By actively listening to the patient's questions and concerns, the nurse can tailor the education provided to address specific areas of importance to the patient, ensuring she receives the information and support she needs to feel prepared and comfortable before the procedure. This approach promotes open communication, trust, and patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: One of the most significant challenges experienced by patients with hearing loss who are adapting to using a hearing aid for the first time is learning to cope with the amplification of background noise. When a person starts using a hearing aid after experiencing hearing loss, they may find that the device picks up not only the sounds they want to hear but also surrounding noises, such as background chatter, traffic noise, or ambient sounds. This sudden increase in volume and clarity of background noise can be overwhelming and challenging for the individual to adjust to. It can affect their ability to focus on conversations or specific sounds they are trying to hear, leading to frustration and potentially causing them to avoid using the hearing aid altogether. Supporting the patient in gradually acclimating to these new sounds and providing strategies for managing background noise can help improve their overall experience with the hearing aid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mottling of the lower limbs is a common physical sign seen in patients approaching death. This occurs when there is poor circulation leading to a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin, particularly on the extremities. The appearance of mottling indicates that the body is no longer able to maintain adequate blood flow to the extremities, signaling that the patient is in the final stages of life. It is a significant finding that strongly suggests imminent death in patients with terminal illness, such as in this case of a patient with terminal lung cancer who is unconscious.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is tight and cannot be retracted over the glans. It can occur in uncircumcised males, like the 78-year-old male in this scenario. Phimosis may lead to difficulty with hygiene, pain during sexual activity, and an increased risk of infections. Treatment may involve conservative measures such as topical corticosteroids or, in severe cases, surgical intervention like circumcision to alleviate the tightness of the foreskin.