Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients with COPD are at increased risk for developing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) due to their underlying lung pathology. Using a low tidal volume strategy (6-8 ml/kg predicted body weight) has been shown to reduce the risk of VILI in these patients. Additionally, applying high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) helps to recruit collapsed alveoli, improve oxygenation, and decrease the risk of barotrauma by keeping the alveoli open throughout the respiratory cycle. Therefore, the most appropriate ventilator settings to minimize the risk of VILI in a COPD patient with acute exacerbation and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation would be low tidal volume and high PEEP.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When communicating with a patient from a different cultural background, the nurse should prioritize recognizing and respecting the patient's cultural beliefs and practices. This is essential in providing culturally competent care, fostering trust and rapport with the patient, and ultimately improving health outcomes. By acknowledging and understanding the cultural context of the patient, the nurse can adapt communication strategies, address the patient's needs effectively, and avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations. Building a culturally sensitive approach can enhance the quality of care and strengthen the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Population structure is a diagram that presents the distribution of a population based on age and sex. It is typically displayed in a pyramid-like style format, with the horizontal axis showing the age groups and the vertical axis showing the percentage or number of individuals in each age group, divided by sex. This helps to visualize how the population is distributed in terms of age and sex, providing important insights into demographic trends, such as age dependency ratio and potential future trends in population growth or decline. Age and sex are the key demographic variables used to construct a population structure diagram.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis in the ICU, the healthcare team should prioritize initiating continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for renal replacement therapy. CVVH is a form of continuous renal replacement therapy that helps support renal function by removing waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood while providing hemodynamic stability. This intervention is crucial in managing fluid overload, electrolyte disturbances, and uremia associated with AKI in critically ill patients. It can also help improve overall outcomes and prevent further complications related to renal dysfunction in this setting. Administering diuretics, implementing fluid restriction, or performing a renal biopsy may not directly address the acute renal failure and may not provide the necessary renal support needed in this urgent situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) in the Philippines requires nurses like Nurse Merle to comply with 45 units of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in order to renew their license and continually practice nursing. This is a mandatory requirement to ensure that nurses stay updated with the latest advancements, skills, and knowledge in the field of nursing. By completing the required CPD units, Nurse Merle can enhance her competency, maintain her license, and provide quality care to her patients.