Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer that often presents with these symptoms. The presence of a solid renal mass with calcifications on imaging further supports this diagnosis, as renal cell carcinoma is known to have this appearance on imaging studies. It is important to promptly evaluate and manage patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma to optimize outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for managing hepatic encephalopathy in this patient receiving palliative care for end-stage liver disease is to administer lactulose or other ammonia-lowering agents to reduce ammonia levels. Hepatic encephalopathy is believed to be primarily caused by the accumulation of ammonia in the bloodstream due to compromised liver function. Lactulose works by acidifying the gut lumen, which facilitates the excretion of ammonia in the form of ammonium ions. By reducing ammonia levels, hepatic encephalopathy symptoms, such as confusion and altered mental status, can be improved. Initiating other supportive measures like managing precipitating factors, maintaining hydration, and addressing nutritional issues should also be part of the holistic approach in managing hepatic encephalopathy in palliative care. However, addressing the underlying cause by reducing ammonia levels with lactulose is the priority intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Collaborating with interdisciplinary team members to develop a comprehensive care plan demonstrates effective care coordination. In complex healthcare situations, involving various healthcare providers such as physicians, specialists, therapists, social workers, and others is crucial to ensure that all aspects of the patient's care are addressed holistically. By working together, healthcare professionals can share information, expertise, and insights to develop a well-rounded care plan that considers all aspects of the patient's needs. This collaborative approach helps promote better outcomes for the patient and enhances overall care coordination. It also helps to ensure that the patient's preferences and values are taken into account when developing the care plan.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intracerebral hemorrhage is characterized by bleeding directly into the brain parenchyma, leading to the sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and neurological deficits. The hyperdense lesion seen on imaging is caused by the presence of blood within the brain tissue. This condition is often associated with hypertension and can be life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Subdural hematoma is an accumulation of blood between the brain and its outermost covering (dura mater), typically presenting with a slower onset of symptoms compared to intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage involves bleeding into the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater (subarachnoid space), commonly caused by the rupture of an aneurysm. Ischemic stroke results from the blockage of a blood vessel supplying the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best response for the nurse in this situation would be to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the lack of information, and offer to address the issue. It is important for healthcare providers to validate the patient's feelings and actively work towards resolving any issues that are causing frustration. By being empathetic and willing to address the problem, the nurse can help improve the patient's experience and build trust in the healthcare team. Dismissing or ignoring the patient's frustration can lead to further dissatisfaction and breakdown in communication. It is crucial for healthcare providers to prioritize open communication and address any concerns or lack of information promptly.