Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with branching, filamentous opacities is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis is typically associated with agricultural injuries, trauma involving plant material, or contact lens wear in agricultural environments. Fungal keratitis can be serious and may require intensive antifungal treatment to prevent vision loss. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy are essential in managing fungal keratitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When Nurse Sarah distributed a Patient satisfaction survey form to be filled by the consumer upon discharge in a hospital setting, it aligns with the quality standard of identifying Patient rights and welfare. Patient satisfaction surveys aim to gather feedback from patients about their experiences with the health care services provided. By distributing such surveys, the hospital is demonstrating its commitment to ensuring the rights and welfare of patients by seeking their feedback, understanding their concerns, and incorporating their suggestions for improvement. This initiative helps in enhancing the quality of care provided to patients and ultimately contributes to improving overall patient outcomes and satisfaction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Long-term aspirin therapy, especially at higher doses, can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is essential for the production of prostaglandins involved in mucosal protection of the gastrointestinal tract. Without these protective prostaglandins, the stomach lining becomes more susceptible to damage from gastric acid, leading to potential ulcer formation and bleeding. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease may be on aspirin for secondary prevention, and it is crucial to monitor for signs of bleeding such as black, tarry stools or abdominal pain. The benefits of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events need to be weighed against the risk of adverse effects like gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in patients on long-term therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statement II is correct because the use of corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions can lead to the development of Cushing's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a patient with chronic kidney disease presenting with metabolic acidosis, the compensatory mechanism the body is most likely to employ to normalize pH is increased bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating bicarbonate levels in the blood. In metabolic acidosis, there is an excess of non-volatile acids in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. To compensate for this acidosis, the kidneys increase the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate ions from the renal tubules back into the blood. This process helps to raise the bicarbonate levels in the blood, which in turn helps to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and restore the blood pH towards normal levels. Hyperventilation (A) is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions (C) and decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions