Contemporary Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: clinical pathway. A clinical pathway is a detailed plan of care that outlines specific interventions and treatments based on assessment findings to guide patient care in a structured manner. In this case, the plan includes specific dates for discontinuing supplemental oxygen, changing ventilation methods, and transitioning antibiotics. A. Patient classification system: This refers to categorizing patients based on certain criteria for resource allocation and staffing levels, not specific care plans. C. Patient-centered plan of care: While patient-centered care focuses on individual preferences and needs, it does not necessarily include the structured timeline and interventions outlined in a clinical pathway. D. Diagnosis-related group (DRG): DRGs are used for billing and payment purposes based on specific diagnoses, not for detailed care plans like the one described in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: planning. Setting goals in collaboration with other healthcare team members falls under the planning phase of the nursing process. During this phase, nurses work with the healthcare team to establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for patient care. This involves identifying priorities, outlining interventions, and determining the expected outcomes. Collaboration with the healthcare team ensures that goals are comprehensive and align with the overall care plan. Incorrect Choices: A: Assessment - Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data to identify the patient's needs and problems. Setting goals is not part of the assessment phase. C: Analysis - Analysis involves interpreting data and identifying patterns or relationships. Setting goals is more focused on planning and identifying interventions. D: Implementation - Implementation involves carrying out the planned interventions to achieve the established goals. Setting goals precedes the implementation phase.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because nurses play a crucial role in advocating for violence prevention programs to create a safe work environment. Nurses can raise awareness, implement policies, and support victims. Incorrect answers: A: Trust in nursing doesn't prevent violence. Violence can still occur due to various factors. C: Verbal assault is recognized as a form of violence in the nursing profession. D: Evaluating all nurses for the risk of committing violence may not be feasible or effective in preventing violence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the IOM competencies aim to improve healthcare by addressing both individual and system-based approaches. This is crucial as it recognizes that improving healthcare requires a comprehensive approach that involves changing both individual behaviors and systemic structures. A: Each competency is mutually exclusive - This is incorrect as the competencies are designed to work together, not in isolation. B: The competencies focus on individual efforts to reduce errors - This is incorrect as the competencies also emphasize the importance of systemic changes to prevent errors. C: Physicians lead the team to achieve each competency - This is incorrect as the competencies are meant to be achieved collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team, not solely led by physicians.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the Affordable Care Act of 2011 aimed to provide health care benefits to millions who were previously uninsurable or unable to afford insurance. This is in line with the main goal of the act, which was to increase access to affordable health care for Americans. Choice A is incorrect as the act does not mandate educational requirements for nurses. Choice C is incorrect as the act does not specifically cap the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures. Choice D is incorrect as the act focuses on expanding access to health insurance rather than directly subsidizing private insurance companies to reduce costs for individuals with chronic illnesses.