foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flex head with chin tuck. This position helps prevent aspiration by closing off the airway during swallowing. Flexing the head and tucking the chin promotes safe swallowing and reduces the risk of choking. Placing food on the left side (choice C) is not relevant to addressing the patient's symptoms. Positioning in semi-Fowler's (choice A) may not directly address the swallowing difficulty. Offering fruit juice (choice D) does not address the patient's specific feeding needs and may not be safe if the patient has swallowing difficulties.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Emotional exhaustion. Dealing with others' pain daily can lead to burnout and emotional exhaustion for the nurse. This can result in decreased empathy and effectiveness in providing care. Healthy practices such as self-care, setting boundaries, and seeking support can help prevent emotional exhaustion. Choice A: Inefficiency in the provision of care is incorrect because emotional exhaustion may affect the quality of care but does not necessarily lead to inefficiency. Choice B: Excessive weight gain is incorrect as it is not directly related to the emotional toll of dealing with others' pain. Choice D: Social withdrawal is incorrect as it is a potential outcome of emotional exhaustion but not the primary concern in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Prophylactic surgery. Prophylactic surgery involves removing tissue at risk of developing cancer to prevent the occurrence of cancer. In this case, the patient has a family history of breast cancer and has tested positive for a breast tumor marker, indicating a high risk of developing breast cancer. By opting for a bilateral mastectomy, the patient is proactively removing breast tissue to reduce her risk of developing breast cancer. Salvage surgery (A) is performed to remove cancer that has recurred after initial treatment. Palliative surgery (B) aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life but is not curative. Reconstructive surgery (D) is performed to restore the appearance and function of a body part after cancer treatment but is not the primary purpose in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Glucosuria. Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Glucosuria is not a typical symptom of preeclampsia. Glucosuria is more commonly associated with gestational diabetes, which is a separate condition from preeclampsia. Therefore, in a pregnant patient at risk for preeclampsia, the presence of glucosuria would not be indicative of preeclampsia. The other choices, edema, proteinuria, and hypertension, are all common clinical signs seen in patients with preeclampsia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing instructions in simple, clear terms is crucial when communicating with a blind patient. This method allows the patient to understand information effectively without visual cues. Choice B is incorrect because a firm, loud voice may startle the patient. Choice C is incorrect as touching a patient without consent may be inappropriate. Choice D is incorrect because stating name and role without context may confuse the patient.