foundation of nursing questions

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because an incisional biopsy is typically performed to confirm a diagnosis by obtaining a sample of the tissue in question. This allows for further analysis through special studies to determine the best course of treatment. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The reason for performing an incisional biopsy is not primarily based on pain or accuracy comparisons with other testing methods. C: An incisional biopsy is not done to assess potential recovery from a mastectomy but rather to diagnose the nature of the mass. D: Age and general health status are not sole criteria for determining the need for an incisional biopsy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reflex incontinence with elevated blood pressure and pulse rate indicates a potentially urgent medical situation that requires immediate attention to address the underlying cause. This patient may be at risk for a serious medical event such as autonomic dysreflexia, which requires prompt intervention. Choice A is incorrect because urge incontinence does not pose an immediate threat to the patient's health compared to the urgent medical situation presented in choice B. Choice C is incorrect because while stool on the catheter tubing may indicate the need for intervention, it is not as time-sensitive as the situation presented in choice B. Choice D is incorrect because the patient who has just voided and needs a postvoid residual test does not have any urgent medical issues that require immediate attention compared to the patient with reflex incontinence and elevated vital signs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the priority nursing intervention for a patient with incomplete abortion is to ensure adequate fluid replacement to prevent hypovolemic shock due to potential blood loss. Inserting an IV line allows for immediate administration of fluids and medications if necessary. Choice A (Methylergonovine) is used to manage postpartum hemorrhage, not incomplete abortion. Choice B (Preoperative teaching) and choice D (Positioning) are important but not the priority in this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Increased urine output indicates improved kidney function, a key indicator of recovery from preeclampsia. Step 2: Adequate urine output helps regulate blood pressure and reduce swelling. Step 3: Consistent urine output >100 mL/hour signifies the kidneys are functioning properly. Step 4: Therefore, C is the correct answer as it directly reflects recovery progress from preeclampsia. Summary: A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly correlate with kidney function or recovery from preeclampsia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Option D is correct because raising the head of the bed promotes a more natural position for defecation, allowing gravity to assist. This position helps align the rectum and anal canal, making it easier for the patient to have a bowel movement. Administering laxatives (Option C) may help, but adjusting the bed position is a non-invasive and more immediate intervention. Withholding pain medication (Option B) could lead to unnecessary discomfort for the patient. Administering a barium enema (Option A) is not indicated for addressing difficulty with defecation.