Contemporary Ethical Issues in Nursing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the leadership abilities of the RN are crucial in both team nursing and the partnership model. In team nursing, the RN coordinates care provided by team members. In the partnership model, the RN collaborates with a partner to deliver care effectively. Choice A is incorrect because the presence of an RN is essential in both models to ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality care. Choice C is incorrect because the RN's role in teaching how to apply the nursing process is not specific to team nursing or the partnership model but is a general nursing responsibility. Choice D is incorrect because in team nursing, the RN is responsible for coordinating care for the patient, including working with the family or significant others, rather than solely caring for the patient while others work with the family.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sickle cell anemia. This genetic disorder is found in individuals of African, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian descent. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of abnormal hemoglobin. This condition is more prevalent in these ethnic groups due to historical reasons and natural selection against malaria. A: Mongolian spots are common in Asian infants but not in all the mentioned ethnicities. C: Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent but not specifically in American Indians. D: Thalassemia is more prevalent in individuals of Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian descent, not in all the mentioned ethnicities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: appeal to tradition. The veteran nurse is objecting to the change in practice solely because it deviates from the usual way of doing things. This demonstrates a reliance on tradition rather than considering the potential benefits of the new approach. The appeal to tradition fallacy assumes that something is better or correct simply because it is the traditional way. Incorrect choices: A: Appeal to emotion - This choice involves manipulating emotions to win an argument, which is not evident in the scenario. C: Red herring - This choice involves diverting attention from the real issue, which is not the case in the scenario. D: Straw man - This choice involves misrepresenting the opponent's argument to make it easier to attack, which is not demonstrated in the scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). In an HMO, services are typically provided by a primary care physician who acts as a gatekeeper for all medical services, including referrals to specialists and diagnostic tests like mammograms. The primary care physician must authorize and order these services for them to be covered by the insurance plan. This system helps control costs and ensures coordinated care. A: Fee for Service does not require a primary care physician to authorize referrals or services. C: PPO allows patients to see out-of-network providers without referrals. D: POS plans offer more flexibility in choosing healthcare providers without requiring a primary care physician's referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because nursing judgment related to withholding medication based on vital signs requires critical thinking, clinical knowledge, and experience. This decision-making process involves assessing the patient's condition, interpreting vital signs, and determining if medication should be given or withheld to ensure patient safety. This function cannot be delegated to someone without the appropriate training and expertise. A: Assessment of skin integrity on the third day of hospitalization can be delegated to other healthcare team members such as LPNs or nursing assistants, as long as they have been trained and deemed competent. B: Evaluation of patient teaching related to turn, cough, and deep breathing exercises can be delegated to other healthcare team members, as long as they have the appropriate training and supervision. D: The statement that RNs do not delegate to other RNs is incorrect. RNs can delegate certain tasks to other RNs based on their scope of practice and level of experience. It is not limited to LPNs or unlicensed assistive personnel.