foundation of nursing practice questions

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, is a condition characterized by inflammation in the nasal passages triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or animal dander. Modifying the patient's environment to reduce exposure to these allergens can significantly help improve the breathing pattern in patients with allergic rhinitis. This can include measures such as using air purifiers, keeping indoor humidity levels low, avoiding exposure to pollen by keeping windows closed during peak seasons, and regularly cleaning bedding to reduce dust mites.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Phimosis is a condition in which the foreskin of the penis is tight and cannot be retracted over the glans. It can occur in uncircumcised males, like the 78-year-old male in this scenario. Phimosis may lead to difficulty with hygiene, pain during sexual activity, and an increased risk of infections. Treatment may involve conservative measures such as topical corticosteroids or, in severe cases, surgical intervention like circumcision to alleviate the tightness of the foreskin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common adverse effects of chemotherapy. Administering an antiemetic helps to prevent or reduce these symptoms in patients undergoing chemotherapy. By managing nausea and vomiting, the patient's overall well-being and quality of life during treatment can be improved. Therefore, providing an antiemetic medication is essential in combating these adverse effects and promoting patient comfort and compliance with treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient should continue taking his corticosteroids regularly prior to testing. Corticosteroids can suppress the body's immune response and affect the results of skin tests by potentially causing a false-negative result. Instructing the patient to maintain his regular corticosteroid regimen will help ensure accurate testing results. It is essential to consult with the healthcare provider to determine the appropriate timing for testing in relation to corticosteroid use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A nonmobile mass with irregular edges would most strongly suggest that the patient's lump is cancerous. Breast cancer lumps typically do not move easily and have irregular, poorly defined edges. These characteristics are concerning because they can indicate an invasive and aggressive growth pattern. Additionally, the fact that the lump is painless is another feature that raises suspicion for malignancy. It is important for the patient to undergo further evaluation, possibly including a mammogram, ultrasound, and biopsy, to determine the nature of the lump and provide appropriate treatment.