Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing PDF

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increasing staffing ratios to include more nurses of all levels of educational preparation on all shifts. Aiken's survey emphasized the importance of adequate nurse staffing in improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates. By increasing staffing ratios with nurses of all educational levels, the hospital can ensure better patient care, effective coordination, and timely interventions. This approach addresses the key factors highlighted in Aiken's survey - nurse staffing and education. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the issue of nurse staffing, which was the primary focus of Aiken's survey. Employing bachelor's prepared nurses participating in interprofessional rounds (B) may improve communication but does not solely address the staffing concerns. Ensuring nurse managers have a master's degree (C) may improve leadership but does not directly impact frontline staffing. Encouraging unlicensed assistive personnel to attend educational programs (D) may enhance skills but does not address the need for more nurses in the staffing ratios

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a patient with moderate Alzheimer's disease may have impaired decision-making capacity due to cognitive decline. Patients with Alzheimer's may struggle to understand, remember, and evaluate information needed to make informed decisions. Choice A shows the patient's curiosity, not necessarily a lack of capacity. Choice C indicates family involvement but does not directly address the patient's capacity. Choice D reflects anxiety about decision-making, not necessarily incapacity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Qualitative. Qualitative data analysis involves organizing non-numerical data into themes, patterns, or categories. This type of analysis focuses on the quality and characteristics of the data rather than numerical values. Descriptive analysis (A) involves summarizing and presenting numerical data. Inferential analysis (B) involves making predictions or inferences about a population based on sample data. Quantitative analysis (D) involves working with numerical data to derive insights and conclusions. In this question, the focus is on the non-numerical organization of data, which aligns with qualitative analysis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a competency examination involving a neurologic assessment, the critical elements are the required criteria that must be incorporated into the assessment to achieve the desired outcome. These elements are essential components that assessors need to include to ensure a thorough and accurate evaluation of the client's neurological status. Choice A is incorrect as critical elements do not necessarily equate to life or death situations. Choice C is incorrect as fundamental strategies unique to complex dynamic care environments are not specifically related to the critical elements of a neurologic assessment. Choice D is incorrect as objective data for client recovery likelihood is not the same as the required criteria for a neurologic assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The "Barbers" of the Middle Ages used sterile techniques to reduce wound infections. This statement is correct because during the Middle Ages, barbers often performed surgical procedures and used techniques like boiling water and alcohol to sterilize instruments, reducing the risk of wound infections. This practice contributed to advancing the field of surgery and indirectly influenced nursing practice by emphasizing the importance of infection control. Incorrect choices: A: The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use anesthesia in the operating room - This statement is incorrect as anesthesia was not used in surgery until the 19th century. C: The Indian culture from 274 to 236 BC had hospitals staffed with female nurses who practiced much like today's nurses - This statement is incorrect as while Indian culture had early hospitals and female nurses, their practices were not comparable to modern nursing. D: During the Renaissance, advances in nursing education, including surgery, were nonexistent - This statement is incorrect as the Renaissance saw advancements in medical and surgical knowledge