Midwifery Exam Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because BCG vaccination is recommended for newborns regardless of maternal smear status to prevent tuberculosis. The neonate is at risk of TB exposure postnatally and needs protection. Maternal smear status does not affect the indication for BCG in the newborn. Choice B is incorrect because withholding BCG in this case would leave the neonate vulnerable to TB. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevent alveoli of the lungs from collapsing. Surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing during exhalation and maintaining lung compliance. B, C, and D are incorrect because surfactant primarily affects lung mechanics, not the initiation of breathing, maturity of the respiratory center, or immediate regulation of breathing upon birth.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Untreated gestational hypertension can lead to serious complications such as preeclampsia, characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage, placental abruption which is the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, and preterm labor, resulting in premature birth. Each of these complications poses significant risks to both the mother and the baby, highlighting the importance of managing gestational hypertension. Therefore, all the choices A, B, and C are consequences of untreated gestational hypertension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Depression. Psychosis during puerperium commonly manifests as postpartum depression, characterized by feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and fatigue. This is due to hormonal changes and stress associated with childbirth. Mania (choice A) and bipolar disorder (choice B) are less common during this period. Infection (choice D) is not a typical manifestation of psychosis during puerperium. Overall, postpartum depression is the most prevalent and well-documented form of psychosis in the postpartum period.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Occipito-posterior. This position occurs when the baby's head is facing forward but towards the mother's spine. This position can cause intense back pain during labor because the baby's head puts pressure on the mother's lower back. Occipito-anterior (A) is the most common and ideal position for labor. Transverse position (B) is when the baby is lying sideways, which may cause prolonged labor but not necessarily intense back pain. Occipito-lateral (D) is a less common position where the baby's head is facing sideways, which may not specifically cause intense back pain.