Proctored Nutrition ATI

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A condition that is conducive to the development of dental caries is described as cariogenic. Cariogenic refers to foods or conditions that promote the development of dental caries by providing an environment for bacteria to thrive and produce acids that erode tooth enamel. Choice A, periodontal, is incorrect as it relates to the supporting structures of the teeth rather than the development of dental caries. Choice C, gingival, is also incorrect as it pertains to the gums rather than the causation of dental caries. Choice D, bacteriophilic, is not the term commonly used to describe conditions that lead to dental caries, making it an incorrect choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: anosmia. Anosmia refers to the loss of smell, which significantly affects the ability to detect flavors. Hypergeusia and dysgeusia, choices A and B, refer to heightened or distorted taste, respectively. 'Phantom taste' in choice D is not the correct term for the condition described in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Handgrip strength is a reliable test to assess muscle function and detect muscle weakness due to wasting. It is often used to identify conditions like sarcopenia in clinical settings. Options A, B, and D are not suitable for evaluating muscle weakness. Food intake recall does not directly measure muscle function, skinfold thickness assesses body fat but not muscle strength, and red blood cell levels are unrelated to muscle wasting.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Osmotic pressure is the force that drives water movement across cell membranes due to the presence of electrolytes, helping to balance fluid levels in the body. Choice A, 'energy,' is incorrect as electrolytes do not directly create energy. Choice B, 'active transport,' refers to the movement of molecules across a cell membrane requiring energy, not the movement of water. Choice C, 'passive diffusion,' is the process by which substances move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, not related to the movement of water following electrolytes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Marasmus. Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) that leads to muscle wasting, hanging skin, delayed growth, and changes in saliva. These symptoms are commonly seen in vulnerable populations such as children, homeless individuals, older adults, and substance abusers. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is characterized by edema, a distended belly, and skin lesions. Anemia is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count, leading to fatigue and weakness. Noma is a severe infection affecting the face, particularly the mouth and jaw area.