Nursing Process Final Exam Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 25 g/day, initially. In this scenario, the client with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and a history of cardiac issues requires a cautious approach due to the risk of exacerbating cardiac conditions with thyroid hormone replacement. Starting with a low dose of 25 �g/day allows for careful monitoring of the client's response and prevents potential adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Summary: B: Delayed until after thyroid surgery - Not appropriate as the client requires thyroid replacement therapy for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. C: 100 �g/day, initially - Too high of an initial dose and may lead to adverse cardiovascular effects. D: Initiated before thyroid surgery - Not relevant to the client's situation as there is no indication for thyroid surgery mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Health promotion. The nurse wrote a diagnosis of Readiness for enhanced urinary elimination, which indicates the patient's willingness to improve their urinary elimination abilities. Health promotion diagnoses focus on improving the client's well-being and enhancing their health potential. In this scenario, the patient's desire to learn self-catheterization aligns with health promotion as it involves empowering the patient to take an active role in their care. Choice A (Risk) is incorrect because the patient is not currently at risk for urinary elimination issues, but rather seeking to enhance their abilities. Choice B (Problem focused) is incorrect as the diagnosis is not about addressing a current problem but rather focusing on potential improvement. Choice D (Collaborative problem) is incorrect as it does not involve collaboration between healthcare providers but rather focuses on the patient's readiness and willingness to enhance their own health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the synthetic form of the thyroid hormone T4, the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Step 2: Levothyroxine is the preferred agent for thyroid hormone replacement therapy in hypothyroidism due to its stable and consistent potency. Step 3: Levothyroxine is well-absorbed by the body and has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing. Step 4: Other choices are incorrect because Methimazole is used to treat hyperthyroidism, Livothyronine is a form of T3 hormone not commonly used for replacement therapy, and Thyroid USP dessicated is derived from animal thyroid glands and has inconsistent hormone content. Summary: Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is the preferred choice for thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to its synthetic nature, stable potency, good absorption, and long half-life. Other options are not

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli walls, leading to a loss of elasticity in the lungs. This results in air becoming trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale properly. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Inflamed bronchioles causing secretions describe bronchitis, not emphysema. C: Damage to the blood supply isn't a primary feature of emphysema; it's more about lung tissue destruction. D: Large dilated sacs of sputum in the lungs is not an accurate description of emphysema; it's more related to bronchiectasis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Have the patient lie flat for 6 to 8 hours after a lumbar puncture to prevent complications like post-lumbar puncture headache. Lying flat helps maintain CSF pressure and reduce the risk of leakage. B: Keeping the patient from eating or drinking for 4 hours is not necessary after a lumbar puncture. C: Monitoring pedal pulses q4h is irrelevant to post-lumbar puncture care. D: Keeping the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees for 24 hours is not recommended after a lumbar puncture as it may increase the risk of complications.