Nursing Process Practice Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Infection. After a splenectomy, the client is at risk for infection due to the spleen's role in the immune system. Without the spleen, the body's ability to fight infections is reduced. Infections can be serious and life-threatening. B: Urinary retention is not a typical complication of a splenectomy. C: Congestive heart failure is not directly related to a splenectomy. D: Viral hepatitis is not a common complication of a splenectomy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lean red meats. Lean red meats are a rich source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Heme iron helps improve iron levels more effectively in individuals with iron deficiency anemia. Fresh fruits (A) and dairy products (B) contain minimal iron, while breads and cereals (D) provide non-heme iron which is not as readily absorbed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, which is to replace the foreskin over the head of the penis after washing. This is important to prevent any irritation or injury to the sensitive foreskin and glans. Leaving the foreskin retracted (A) can lead to discomfort and potential injury. Not retracting the foreskin (B) may not allow for proper cleaning. Using alcohol and a cotton swab (D) can be too harsh and irritating to the delicate tissues. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate and gentle approach to maintain proper hygiene and prevent any complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest are commonly used for grafting due to their size, durability, and long-term patency. These arteries have a better track record for successful grafting procedures compared to the other options. The basic and cephalic veins in the arm (Option A) are typically used for venous procedures, not arterial grafting. The saphenous vein in the leg (Option C) is also commonly used for grafting, but the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries are preferred for their better outcomes. The radial artery in the arm (Option D) is less commonly used for grafting compared to the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Denial. The client's refusal to accept the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, stating that no one in their family has had it, indicates denial as a coping mechanism. Denial is a defense mechanism where individuals refuse to acknowledge unpleasant realities. In this case, the client is rejecting the diagnosis to avoid facing the reality of having a chronic condition. The other choices (B: Anger, C: Withdrawal, D: Resolution) do not fit the client's response in this scenario. Anger involves expressing frustration or hostility, withdrawal is avoiding the situation, and resolution is accepting and dealing with the issue.