Nursing Process Practice Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer. Choice B is incorrect as PSA is specific to the prostate, not protein levels. Choice C is incorrect as pneumococcal strep antigen is related to pneumonia, not PSA. Choice D is incorrect as Papanicolua-specific antigen is not a recognized term, and PSA is not used to screen for cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide positive feedback when he uses the word correctly. In individuals with expressive aphasia, positive reinforcement helps improve communication skills. Praising Mr. Reyea when he uses words correctly encourages continued effort and boosts confidence. This approach motivates him to communicate more despite his challenges. Summary of other choices: B: Waiting indefinitely for Mr. Reyea to verbally state needs is not practical and may lead to frustration. C: Suggesting permanent help at home assumes the disability cannot improve, which is not necessarily true for expressive aphasia. D: Helping the family to accept Mr. Reyea's inability to communicate verbally may hinder his progress and limit his social interactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a fixed nodular mass with dimpling of the overlying skin is highly indicative of breast cancer. This finding suggests an invasive tumor pulling on the skin, causing dimpling. Other choices are incorrect because slight breast asymmetry (A) is common, bloody nipple discharge (C) can be benign or due to other conditions, and multiple freely movable masses (D) are more indicative of benign breast conditions like fibrocystic changes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: fluid volume deficit. In diabetes insipidus, there is an excessive amount of dilute urine excreted, leading to dehydration and fluid volume deficit. The posterior pituitary tumor causes a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. As a result, the client experiences polyuria and polydipsia, leading to fluid volume deficit. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because diabetes insipidus does not cause fluid volume excess, incontinence, or diarrhea. The key is to recognize the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus and its impact on fluid balance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A: Pressing the system in place for 30 to 60 seconds helps ensure proper adhesion and absorption of the medication. This step is crucial for the effectiveness of the pain management system. B: Choosing a site on the lower torso is not necessary for applying the system. The site selection should be based on guidelines and patient preference. C: Shaving the application site is not recommended unless specifically indicated. It is not a standard step for applying a pain management system. D: Applying the system immediately after removal from a package may not allow the adhesive to fully activate, affecting its efficacy. It is important to follow the recommended steps for proper application.