Nursing Process Practice Questions

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prostate-specific antigen, which is used to screen for prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer. Choice B is incorrect as PSA is specific to the prostate, not protein levels. Choice C is incorrect as pneumococcal strep antigen is related to pneumonia, not PSA. Choice D is incorrect as Papanicolua-specific antigen is not a recognized term, and PSA is not used to screen for cervical cancer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine deficiency in the brain, leading to motor symptoms like bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement. Acetylcholine (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's symptoms. Serotonin (B) is involved in mood regulation, not movement control. Phenylalanine (D) is an amino acid and not directly related to Parkinson's pathology. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disturbed body image. The client expressing concern about the external fixation device making his leg look ugly indicates a disturbance in how he perceives his body image. This can lead to feelings of low self-esteem and impact his overall psychological well-being. Impaired physical mobility (A) is not the priority as the concern is not related to limitations in movement. Risk for infection (C) may be a potential risk with the device but is not directly related to the client's current concern. Risk for social isolation (D) is not directly indicated by the client's statement about the appearance of the leg. Therefore, the most appropriate nursing diagnosis is Disturbed body image (B) based on the client's expressed concern.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: fluid volume deficit. In diabetes insipidus, there is an excessive amount of dilute urine excreted, leading to dehydration and fluid volume deficit. The posterior pituitary tumor causes a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. As a result, the client experiences polyuria and polydipsia, leading to fluid volume deficit. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because diabetes insipidus does not cause fluid volume excess, incontinence, or diarrhea. The key is to recognize the pathophysiology of diabetes insipidus and its impact on fluid balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest are commonly used for grafting due to their size, durability, and long-term patency. These arteries have a better track record for successful grafting procedures compared to the other options. The basic and cephalic veins in the arm (Option A) are typically used for venous procedures, not arterial grafting. The saphenous vein in the leg (Option C) is also commonly used for grafting, but the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries are preferred for their better outcomes. The radial artery in the arm (Option D) is less commonly used for grafting compared to the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries.