Microbiology An Introduction 13th Edition Test Bank

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: As a result of mosquito's bites. Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma transmitted by tsetse flies, not mosquitoes. Tsetse flies are primarily found in Africa, not South America. Choice A is incorrect as bug bites do not transmit sleeping sickness. Choice C is incorrect as contaminated fruits and vegetables do not transmit the disease. Choice D is incorrect as dirty hands do not play a role in the transmission of sleeping sickness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: iatrogenic infections. Iatrogenic infections are those caused by medical interventions like catheter use. Catheters can introduce pathogens into the body, leading to infections. Local infections (B) refer to infections confined to a specific area, not necessarily caused by catheters. Exogenous infections (C) come from an external source, not specifically related to medical interventions. Endogenous infections (D) arise from the body's own flora and are not directly related to catheter use.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A vaccine strain. Virus Fixe is a specific strain of rabies virus used in the production of rabies vaccines. This strain has been attenuated to be safe for use in vaccines. Choice B, a cell culture, is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to Virus Fixe. Choice C, a wild type of rabies virus, is incorrect as Virus Fixe is not a wild type but a modified strain. Choice D, an infectious disease, is incorrect as Virus Fixe is not a disease but a strain of virus used in vaccines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peritrichous. Peritrichous bacteria have flagella distributed all over the cell surface, providing motility in various directions. This allows them to move efficiently through their environment. Option A and D, lophotrichous, have flagella clustered at one or both ends of the cell, limiting movement to specific directions. Option B, amphitrichous, have flagella at both ends of the cell, also limiting movement compared to peritrichous bacteria. Therefore, peritrichous is the correct choice for bacteria with flagella distributed over the general cell surface.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Plague. The presence of ovoid Gram-negative bipolar-stained bacilli with a delicate capsule in the sputum is characteristic of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. Plague presents with symptoms like fever, chills, and cough. Plague is a zoonotic disease usually transmitted through fleas from rodents. The other choices (B: Tuberculosis, C: Leptospirosis, D: Brucellosis) can be ruled out based on the specific description of the bacteria in the sputum. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is not Gram-negative. Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira, which are spirochetes and not ovoid bacilli. Brucellosis is caused by Brucella species, which are small, coccobacilli and not ovoid bacilli.