health assessment exam 2 test bank

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Clubbing of the nails. Clubbing is a physical finding associated with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema and bronchitis. It is characterized by the softening of the nail bed and the loss of the normal angle between the nail and the nail bed. This occurs due to chronic hypoxia and can be a sign of advanced lung disease. Anasarca (choice A) is generalized edema, not specific to respiratory conditions. Scleroderma (choice B) is a connective tissue disorder affecting the skin and other organs, not directly related to respiratory conditions. Pedal erythema (choice C) refers to redness of the feet and is not a typical finding in emphysema or bronchitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: culturalism. This is because culturalism refers to the belief that all members of a culture share the same beliefs or practices. Expecting all Chinese persons to believe in the hot-cold theory is an example of culturalism as it assumes a homogenous perspective within the Chinese culture. A: A critical cultural perspective would involve questioning and analyzing cultural beliefs and practices rather than assuming they are universal. C: Ethnic practice refers to specific customs or traditions within a particular ethnic group, not a general belief system like the hot-cold theory. D: Ethnicity refers to one's cultural background or heritage, but it does not address the assumption of shared beliefs within a culture.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering diuretics as prescribed. Diuretics help reduce fluid retention in patients with heart failure, relieving symptoms like edema and shortness of breath. Prioritizing diuretics can help manage the patient's fluid balance and improve heart function. Encouraging increased fluid intake (B) is contraindicated as it can worsen fluid overload. Restricting sodium intake (C) is important in heart failure management but not the top priority over administering diuretics. Administering pain medications (D) is not a priority intervention for chronic heart failure management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cold, dry air. Cold, dry air is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations, as it can irritate the airways and lead to bronchoconstriction. This trigger can worsen asthma symptoms and increase the risk of an asthma attack. Educating the patient to avoid cold, dry air can help prevent asthma flare-ups. Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Exercise-induced asthma is triggered by physical activity but can be managed with proper warm-up and medication. It is not typically something to avoid altogether. C: Caffeine is a mild bronchodilator and can actually help alleviate asthma symptoms in some cases. D: Environmental allergens can trigger asthma in some individuals, but they vary from person to person, so avoidance strategies would depend on specific allergens identified through testing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1.5 m. This distance is known as the personal distance in communication, where most interviews take place. Personal distance allows for a comfortable level of interaction without invading personal space. Choice A (1 m) is too close and may make the patient uncomfortable. Choice C (2 m) is too far for an intimate interview setting. Choice D (3 m) is too distant and may lead to a lack of connection and understanding during the interview. Overall, B is the best choice for a nurse-patient interview to ensure a respectful and effective conversation.