ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

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ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation Questions

Question 1 of 5

You are working on a burns unit, and one of your acutely ill patients is exhibiting signs and symptoms of third spacing. Based on this change in status, you should expect the patient to exhibit signs and symptoms of what imbalance?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Third spacing occurs when fluid shifts from the intravascular space to interstitial spaces, leading to hypovolemia. This results in decreased circulating blood volume, leading to signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia, hypotension, and low urine output. Metabolic alkalosis, hypermagnesemia, and hypercalcemia are not directly related to third spacing and are not the expected imbalances in this scenario.

Question 2 of 5

You are caring for a 65-year-old male patient admitted to your medical unit 72 hours ago with pyloric stenosis. A nasogastric tube placed upon admission has been on low intermittent suction ever since. Upon review of the mornings blood work, you notice that the patients potassium is below reference range. You should recognize that the patient may be at risk for what imbalance?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Metabolic alkalosis. Pyloric stenosis can lead to vomiting, causing loss of gastric acid and chloride ions, leading to metabolic alkalosis. Low potassium levels are common in metabolic alkalosis due to potassium shifting into cells to compensate for the alkalosis. Hypercalcemia (choice A) is not associated with pyloric stenosis. Metabolic acidosis (choice B) typically presents with low pH and bicarbonate levels. Respiratory acidosis (choice D) is caused by impaired gas exchange in the lungs, not related to pyloric stenosis.

Question 3 of 5

. A nurse assesses a client with diabetes mellitus who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.36, PaO2 98 mm Hg, PaCO2 33 mm Hg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L. Which manifestation should the nurse identify as an exam

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased rate and depth of respirations. In this case, the client's arterial blood gas values show a pH within normal range (7.36), PaCO2 below normal (33 mm Hg), and HCO3 below normal (18 mEq/L), indicating a metabolic acidosis. To compensate for the acidosis, the client will hyperventilate, leading to increased rate and depth of respirations to blow off excess CO2 and attempt to normalize the pH. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because increased urinary output, thirst, hunger, and release of acids from the kidneys are not direct compensatory mechanisms for metabolic acidosis.

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is assessing clients for fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Which client should the nurse assess first for potential hyponatremia?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because intravenous D5W is a hypotonic solution that can lead to dilutional hyponatremia. D5W does not contain sodium, so it can cause a decrease in serum sodium levels. Clients on NPO status receiving D5W are at higher risk due to lack of sodium intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly contribute to hyponatremia. Sulfonamide antibiotics, ibuprofen, and digoxin are not typically associated with causing hyponatremia. Therefore, assessing the client on NPO status receiving D5W for potential hyponatremia is the priority.

Question 5 of 5

Diagnostic testing has been ordered to differentiate between normal anion gap acidosis and high anion gap acidosis in an acutely ill patient. What health problem typically precedes normal anion gap acidosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Excessive administration of chloride. Normal anion gap acidosis is commonly caused by an excessive intake of chloride-containing solutions like normal saline during treatment. This leads to an increase in the plasma chloride concentration, causing a decrease in the anion gap. Metastases (A) are not typically associated with normal anion gap acidosis. Excessive potassium intake (B) would not lead to normal anion gap acidosis but rather hyperkalemia. Water intoxication (C) can lead to dilutional hyponatremia but not normal anion gap acidosis.

Similar Questions

Diagnostic testing has been ordered to differentiate between normal anion gap acidosis and high anion gap acidosis in an acutely ill patient. What health problem typically precedes normal anion gap acidosis?
A nurse is assessing a client with hypokalemia and notes that the client's handgrip strength has diminished since the previous assessment 1 hour ago. Which action should the nurse take first?
A nurse is planning care for a client who is hyperventilating. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.30, PaO2 94 mm Hg, PaCO2 31 mm Hg, and HCO3 26 mEq/L. Which question should the nurse ask when developing this clients plan of care?
A nurse assesses a client who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.32, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 34 mm Hg, and HCO3 16 mEq/L. What action should the nurse take next?
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is admitted with moderate dehydration. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent injury while in the hospital?

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