ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Third spacing occurs when fluid shifts from the intravascular space to interstitial spaces, leading to hypovolemia. This results in decreased circulating blood volume, leading to signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia, hypotension, and low urine output. Metabolic alkalosis, hypermagnesemia, and hypercalcemia are not directly related to third spacing and are not the expected imbalances in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation leads to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, causing a decrease in PaCO2 levels, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. This is the most common cause of hyperventilation. Respiratory acidosis (choice A) occurs when there is retention of carbon dioxide. Increased PaCO2 (choice C) is a consequence of respiratory acidosis, not alkalosis. CNS disturbances (choice D) can lead to abnormal breathing patterns but are not the most common cause of hyperventilation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Apply oxygen by mask or nasal cannula. The client is experiencing respiratory acidosis due to inadequate ventilation and oxygenation during the seizure. Providing oxygen will help improve oxygenation and correct the respiratory acidosis. This is the priority to address the immediate physiological need. Choice B is incorrect as applying a paper bag can lead to rebreathing of carbon dioxide, worsening the respiratory acidosis. Choice C is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate is not indicated in this situation and can potentially worsen the acid-base imbalance. Choice D is incorrect as administering glucose and insulin is not relevant to correcting the respiratory acidosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because limiting fluids can lead to dehydration, which can cause confusion and dry mucous membranes. Adjusting the timing of fluids can help maintain hydration without causing frequent nighttime bathroom trips. Choice A is incorrect because hospital readmission is not necessary at this point. Choice C is incorrect as it normalizes confusion post-surgery and dangerous practice of avoiding urination at night. Choice D is incorrect because urine accumulation in the bladder does not directly cause confusion; dehydration is the primary concern.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because using a plastic bag to cover the extremity with the device helps to keep the area dry when bathing, preventing the tourniquet from becoming wet and losing its effectiveness. This technique maintains the pressure needed for venipuncture. A, providing a bed bath instead of a shower, is unrelated to the use of a tourniquet. B, using sterile technique for dressing changes, is important for wound care but not relevant to tourniquet use. C, disconnecting intravenous fluid tubing before a bath, is essential for preventing contamination but not directly related to tourniquet management.