ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The client's high serum potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L can lead to serious cardiovascular complications like arrhythmias. The immediate priority is to lower potassium levels rapidly to prevent cardiac arrest. Administering dextrose 20% and regular insulin IV push helps shift potassium from extracellular to intracellular space, lowering serum levels quickly. Option A (Kayexalate) is not as rapid as insulin therapy. Option B (low-potassium diet) is not immediate. Option D (hemodialysis) is effective but not as quick as insulin therapy for urgent potassium reduction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decrease in glomerular filtration. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, leading to decreased blood flow to the kidneys. This reduction in blood flow decreases the glomerular filtration rate, impacting the kidney's ability to filter blood and produce urine. The constriction of renal arterioles does not directly affect the release of aldosterone (choice A), filtration in the Loop of Henle (choice B), or the reabsorption of sodium (choice C). The primary effect of sympathetic stimulation on renal arterioles is to decrease glomerular filtration by reducing blood flow to the kidneys.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, infection. The client's symptoms of abdominal pain and feeling warm are indicative of a potential infection, which is a common complication of intraperitoneal therapy. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Abdominal pain can be a sign of peritonitis, an infection of the peritoneal cavity. 2. Feeling warm may indicate a fever, a common symptom of infection. 3. Prompt assessment and treatment of infection are crucial to prevent complications. Summary of other choices: A, allergic reaction - unlikely given the symptoms described; B, bowel obstruction - does not align with the symptoms provided; C, catheter lumen occlusion - not typically associated with abdominal pain and feeling warm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypocalcemia. Following a thyroidectomy, there is a risk of damaging the parathyroid glands, leading to hypocalcemia. Symptoms such as tingling in lips and fingers, muscle spasms, and increased muscle tone are classic signs of hypocalcemia. The initial concern should be hypocalcemia due to its potential to cause serious complications such as tetany and laryngospasm. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the symptoms described. Hypophosphatemia may present with weakness and respiratory failure, hypermagnesemia with hypotension and respiratory depression, and hyperkalemia with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because intravenous D5W is a hypotonic solution that can lead to dilutional hyponatremia. D5W does not contain sodium, so it can cause a decrease in serum sodium levels. Clients on NPO status receiving D5W are at higher risk due to lack of sodium intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly contribute to hyponatremia. Sulfonamide antibiotics, ibuprofen, and digoxin are not typically associated with causing hyponatremia. Therefore, assessing the client on NPO status receiving D5W for potential hyponatremia is the priority.