ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Fluid overload leads to increased fluid volume in the body, causing skin to appear pale, cool, and clammy due to poor circulation. Step 2: "Warm and pink skin" is not a typical manifestation of fluid overload. Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is C. Summary: A: Increased pulse rate - Possible in fluid overload due to increased volume causing increased workload on the heart. B: Distended neck veins - Common in fluid overload due to increased venous pressure. C: Warm and pink skin - Incorrect, as skin is usually pale, cool, and clammy. D: Skeletal muscle weakness - Not directly related to fluid overload.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because limiting fluids can lead to dehydration, which can cause confusion and dry mucous membranes. Adjusting the timing of fluids can help maintain hydration without causing frequent nighttime bathroom trips. Choice A is incorrect because hospital readmission is not necessary at this point. Choice C is incorrect as it normalizes confusion post-surgery and dangerous practice of avoiding urination at night. Choice D is incorrect because urine accumulation in the bladder does not directly cause confusion; dehydration is the primary concern.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: Third spacing occurs when fluid shifts from the intravascular space to interstitial spaces, leading to hypovolemia. This results in decreased circulating blood volume, leading to signs of hypovolemia such as tachycardia, hypotension, and low urine output. Metabolic alkalosis, hypermagnesemia, and hypercalcemia are not directly related to third spacing and are not the expected imbalances in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will drink at least three glasses of milk each day." Milk is a good source of calcium and bicarbonate, which can help buffer excess acids in the body and prevent metabolic acidosis. Calcium also plays a role in maintaining the acid-base balance. Option B is incorrect because while eating well-balanced meals is important for overall health, it does not specifically address the prevention of metabolic acidosis. Option C is irrelevant to the prevention of metabolic acidosis. Option D is incorrect because avoiding salting food does not directly address the underlying issue of metabolic acidosis related to malnutrition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: High magnesium levels can lead to hypermagnesemia, which can cause decreased neuromuscular function. Step 2: Diminished deep tendon reflexes are a sign of neuromuscular impairment, indicating potential hypermagnesemia. Step 3: Assessing for diminished deep tendon reflexes is crucial to monitor neuromuscular function in patients with high magnesium levels. Summary: A is correct because hypermagnesemia affects neuromuscular function. B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the effects of high magnesium levels.