ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing action for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is to administer regular insulin intravenously. Insulin helps to lower blood glucose levels and correct acidosis, which are critical in managing DKA. Oral hypoglycemic agents are not appropriate in the acute setting of DKA as they may not work quickly enough. Sodium bicarbonate may be used in some cases to correct acidosis, but insulin administration takes precedence. Providing a high-calorie diet is not appropriate initially in DKA management, as the focus is on stabilizing the patient's condition through insulin therapy and fluid/electrolyte correction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct advice for a patient starting rifampin is to expect orange-red discoloration of body fluids. Rifampin can cause harmless orange-red discoloration of body fluids, which may include urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. It is important for the patient to be aware of this side effect as it can stain clothing and contact lenses. Limiting intake of green leafy vegetables is not necessary with rifampin. Avoiding exposure to sunlight is more commonly associated with other medications like tetracyclines. Taking rifampin with antacids is not recommended as antacids can reduce the absorption of rifampin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The 34-year-old patient who has a sibling with newly diagnosed polycystic kidney disease may need referral for genetic testing. Polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant disorder that can be asymptomatic until later in life. Presymptomatic testing can provide valuable information for guiding lifestyle and family planning decisions. The other patients do not present indications for genetic testing based on the information provided in their health histories.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid close contact with pregnant women for one week. This precaution is essential to prevent radiation exposure to vulnerable populations. Pregnant women and small children are more sensitive to radiation, making it crucial for patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy to avoid close contact with them for a specified period.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The mother who took her children from school due to delusions of aliens poses a significant risk to her children and herself. This situation requires immediate attention to ensure the safety and well-being of all involved.