LPN Pharmacology Assessment A

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Taking warfarin at the same time each day is crucial to maintain consistent blood levels and ensure the effectiveness of the medication in preventing clot formation. Consistent timing helps in monitoring and adjusting the dosage as needed to keep the international normalized ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range to prevent clotting events or excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker commonly used in heart failure to reduce blood pressure. One of the common side effects of metoprolol is hypotension, which can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, and even fainting. Therefore, monitoring for hypotension is essential to prevent adverse effects and ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a rapid-acting medication used to relieve angina pain by dilating blood vessels. The correct administration is to take one tablet every 5 minutes as needed, up to three doses. If chest pain persists after three doses, the client should seek emergency medical attention as it can indicate a more serious cardiac issue.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hypotension, particularly following the initial dose or dosage escalation. This effect is due to the medication's mechanism of action in dilating blood vessels, which can result in lowered blood pressure. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting in clients taking enalapril.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Removing the nitroglycerin patch at night is essential to prevent the development of tolerance. Tolerance can occur when the body gets used to a constant level of the medication, reducing its effectiveness. By removing the patch at night, the client has a drug-free period, which helps prevent tolerance and maintains the effectiveness of the nitroglycerin for angina relief.