ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A low-sodium diet is crucial for clients with cirrhosis to manage fluid retention and ascites. Excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid accumulation in the body, leading to complications. By restricting sodium intake, the client can help reduce fluid retention and maintain better overall health. Therefore, emphasizing a low-sodium diet is essential in the dietary management of cirrhosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rapid, deep (Kussmaul) respirations in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis indicate a metabolic acidosis, necessitating correction with a saline bolus to prevent hypovolemia, followed by insulin administration to facilitate glucose re-entry into cells. Oxygen therapy is not warranted as the increased respiratory rate is not due to hypoxemia but is compensatory in response to acidosis. Encouraging slow breathing or administering lorazepam would be inappropriate as they can worsen the acidosis by suppressing the compensatory respiratory effort.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct advice for a patient starting rifampin is to expect orange-red discoloration of body fluids. Rifampin can cause harmless orange-red discoloration of body fluids, which may include urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. It is important for the patient to be aware of this side effect as it can stain clothing and contact lenses. Limiting intake of green leafy vegetables is not necessary with rifampin. Avoiding exposure to sunlight is more commonly associated with other medications like tetracyclines. Taking rifampin with antacids is not recommended as antacids can reduce the absorption of rifampin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is crucial for patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy to avoid exposing the treated area to sunlight as it can lead to further skin damage. Heat sources like heating pads should be avoided to prevent potential burns. Alcohol-based lotions can irritate the skin, so they should not be used. Washing the treated area with lukewarm water and mild soap is recommended to maintain skin integrity and prevent irritation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common signs of digoxin toxicity, which can lead to serious complications like dysrhythmias. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent further harm to the client.