ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Questions 63

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ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Questions

Question 1 of 5

When providing dietary instructions to a client with cirrhosis, which dietary restriction is important for the nurse to emphasize?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A low-sodium diet is crucial for clients with cirrhosis to manage fluid retention and ascites. Excessive sodium intake can worsen fluid accumulation in the body, leading to complications. By restricting sodium intake, the client can help reduce fluid retention and maintain better overall health. Therefore, emphasizing a low-sodium diet is essential in the dietary management of cirrhosis.

Question 2 of 5

The patient has a calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL. Which nursing action should the nurse include on the care plan?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to include on the care plan for a patient with a calcium level of 12.1 mg/dL is to encourage fluid intake up to 4000 mL every day. This is essential to decrease the risk for renal calculi associated with hypercalcemia. While bed rest is not necessary, ambulation is encouraged to help decrease the loss of calcium from the bone. Monitoring for Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs is more relevant when hypocalcemia is suspected. Auscultating lung sounds every shift is a routine assessment, not required every 4 hours unless there is a specific respiratory concern.

Question 3 of 5

A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). What is the priority nursing action?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing action for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is to administer regular insulin intravenously. Insulin helps to lower blood glucose levels and correct acidosis, which are critical in managing DKA. Oral hypoglycemic agents are not appropriate in the acute setting of DKA as they may not work quickly enough. Sodium bicarbonate may be used in some cases to correct acidosis, but insulin administration takes precedence. Providing a high-calorie diet is not appropriate initially in DKA management, as the focus is on stabilizing the patient's condition through insulin therapy and fluid/electrolyte correction.

Question 4 of 5

A client with liver cirrhosis is prescribed lactulose. What is the purpose of this medication?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lactulose is prescribed to reduce ammonia levels in clients with liver cirrhosis. Elevated ammonia levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, which in turn traps ammonia in the colon and helps its elimination from the body through stool, thereby reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.

Question 5 of 5

The community health nurse is working in a multi-ethnic health center. In what situation should the nurse intervene?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Losing weight in an infant, especially when combined with spitting up milk, requires immediate intervention to address potential health concerns.

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