ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adolescent patient seeks care in the emergency department after sharing needles for heroin injection with a friend who has hepatitis B. To provide immediate protection from infection, what medication will the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the immediate need is to provide passive immunity to the adolescent patient. Gamma globulin contains antibodies against hepatitis B, which can offer immediate protection. The hepatitis B vaccine provides active immunity over time but is not immediate. Fresh frozen plasma and corticosteroids are not indicated for immediate protection against hepatitis B infection.
Question 2 of 5
A client with liver cirrhosis is prescribed lactulose. What is the purpose of this medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose is prescribed to reduce ammonia levels in clients with liver cirrhosis. Elevated ammonia levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, which in turn traps ammonia in the colon and helps its elimination from the body through stool, thereby reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.
Question 3 of 5
In a client with liver cirrhosis experiencing confusion and disorientation, what condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy is the most likely condition causing confusion and disorientation in a client with liver cirrhosis. This condition is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and is characterized by cognitive impairment due to elevated ammonia levels in the blood. The build-up of ammonia affects brain function, leading to symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, and altered consciousness.
Question 4 of 5
A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is learning to self-administer insulin. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client learning to self-administer insulin is to rotate injection sites within the same region. This practice helps prevent lipodystrophy, which is a condition characterized by fat tissue changes due to repeated injections in the same spot, and also ensures consistent absorption of insulin throughout the body.
Question 5 of 5
The healthcare professional is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common signs of digoxin toxicity, which can lead to serious complications like dysrhythmias. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent further harm to the client.
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