ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients prescribed lithium should maintain a consistent salt intake to help stabilize lithium levels. Fluctuations in salt intake can affect the levels of lithium in the body, potentially leading to toxicity or reduced effectiveness of the medication. It is important for patients to be consistent with their salt intake and to avoid sudden increases or decreases.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Losing weight in an infant, especially when combined with spitting up milk, requires immediate intervention to address potential health concerns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Administering prescribed opioid analgesics is the most appropriate nursing intervention to alleviate severe abdominal pain in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Opioid analgesics help manage severe pain effectively in such cases. Encouraging oral intake of clear fluids may exacerbate symptoms due to the need for pancreatic rest. Placing the patient in a supine position can worsen the pain by increasing pressure on the abdomen. Applying a heating pad is contraindicated as heat can potentially increase inflammation and discomfort in acute pancreatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rapid, deep (Kussmaul) respirations in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis indicate a metabolic acidosis, necessitating correction with a saline bolus to prevent hypovolemia, followed by insulin administration to facilitate glucose re-entry into cells. Oxygen therapy is not warranted as the increased respiratory rate is not due to hypoxemia but is compensatory in response to acidosis. Encouraging slow breathing or administering lorazepam would be inappropriate as they can worsen the acidosis by suppressing the compensatory respiratory effort.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct advice for a patient starting rifampin is to expect orange-red discoloration of body fluids. Rifampin can cause harmless orange-red discoloration of body fluids, which may include urine, sweat, saliva, and tears. It is important for the patient to be aware of this side effect as it can stain clothing and contact lenses. Limiting intake of green leafy vegetables is not necessary with rifampin. Avoiding exposure to sunlight is more commonly associated with other medications like tetracyclines. Taking rifampin with antacids is not recommended as antacids can reduce the absorption of rifampin.