ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hormones play various roles in the body, such as promoting growth and beauty, maintaining body temperature, and fighting infections. However, producing new offspring is not a direct function of hormones. Reproduction is primarily regulated by other factors like the reproductive system. Choice B is incorrect because hormones can indeed influence growth but not specifically 'beauty.' Choice C is incorrect as hormones can help regulate body temperature indirectly. Choice D is incorrect as hormones like cytokines can be involved in the body's immune response to fight infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a child is suffering from diarrhea, it is essential to continue breastfeeding day and night to maintain hydration and provide necessary nutrients. Stopping formula milk for 6 hours (choice B) is not the recommended approach as it may lead to a lack of essential nutrients during this critical time. Giving breast milk together with oral rehydration salts (choice C) can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, making it a suitable recommendation. Therefore, advising the mother to follow both options A and C is the most appropriate approach to manage the child's condition effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A saturated perineal pad in 15 minutes indicates excessive bleeding, known as postpartum hemorrhage, which is a critical condition requiring immediate intervention to prevent further complications like hypovolemic shock. Monitoring and managing postpartum bleeding are crucial in the early postpartum period to ensure the client's safety and well-being. The other options are normal postpartum findings: lochia rubra with a few small clots is expected in the early postpartum period, a firm and midline fundus indicates proper uterine contraction, and a temperature of 100.4�F (38�C) is within the normal range for the postpartum period.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a characteristic sign of lower respiratory infection. This positioning preference is often seen in patients with lower respiratory infections due to discomfort or difficulty breathing when lying flat on their back. While cough and fever are common symptoms associated with respiratory infections, they are not specific to lower respiratory infections. Inability to eat may indicate general illness or discomfort but is not a specific indicator of lower respiratory infection.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should ensure that the newborn has a proper latch and is effectively nursing. Sometimes, newborns nurse frequently for comfort even when they are effectively latched. It is essential to address the latch first before considering other interventions. Supplementing with formula (Choice A) may decrease the mother's milk supply. Allowing the newborn to nurse for a set time (Choice B) may not address the underlying latch issue. Reducing nursing sessions (Choice C) may lead to decreased milk production and does not address the latch problem.