ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, albumin. Albumin is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the blood. Collagen (choice A) is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not a plasma protein. Myosin (choice B) is a protein involved in muscle contraction, not found in the blood plasma. Phospholipid (choice D) is a type of lipid molecule, not a protein present in plasma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pepsinogen is converted into its active form, pepsin, by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps in unfolding the pepsinogen molecule to transform it into pepsin, which is crucial for protein digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrochloric acid (choice B). Enterokinase (choice A) is an enzyme produced in the small intestine that activates trypsinogen into trypsin, not pepsinogen. Gastric lipase (choice C) is an enzyme that digests fats, not involved in converting pepsinogen to pepsin. Pancreatic lipase (choice D) is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in breaking down fats in the small intestine, not part of the process of pepsin activation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa has the highest rate of protein turnover due to its rapid cell renewal. The skin, muscle, and adipose tissue do not exhibit protein turnover rates as high as the intestinal mucosa. Skin cells turnover relatively slower compared to the rapid renewal of intestinal mucosa cells. Muscles have a moderate rate of protein turnover, while adipose tissue has a lower turnover rate compared to the other tissues mentioned.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sucrose is the correct answer as it is the most common disaccharide found in the diet, commonly known as table sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products, not as prevalent in the overall diet as sucrose. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey, not a disaccharide. Galactose is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products and is not the most prevalent dietary disaccharide.