ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary action of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) is to relieve bronchospasm. These medications are bronchodilators that work by opening the airways, making breathing easier for patients experiencing asthma exacerbations. By relieving bronchospasm, SABAs help improve airflow and alleviate symptoms of asthma such as wheezing and shortness of breath.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a patient prescribed hydroxychloroquine, especially in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is to report any vision changes immediately. Hydroxychloroquine can potentially cause retinal damage, so prompt reporting and ophthalmologic evaluation are essential in preventing irreversible eye complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The priority action for the nurse when time is limited is to focus on essential teaching. In this scenario, the patient should be educated on how to self-monitor glucose levels and administer medications to control glucose levels. While diet, exercise, medications, and potential complications are important topics for further education, these can be addressed through appropriate referrals and future teaching sessions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The rapid, deep (Kussmaul) respirations in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis indicate a metabolic acidosis, necessitating correction with a saline bolus to prevent hypovolemia, followed by insulin administration to facilitate glucose re-entry into cells. Oxygen therapy is not warranted as the increased respiratory rate is not due to hypoxemia but is compensatory in response to acidosis. Encouraging slow breathing or administering lorazepam would be inappropriate as they can worsen the acidosis by suppressing the compensatory respiratory effort.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erythropoietin is a hormone that primarily stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. By increasing red blood cell production, erythropoietin helps to improve oxygen delivery to tissues, which is essential in managing anemia.