Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smelling or seeing food. When an individual smells or sees food, it can trigger the body to start producing digestive secretions in anticipation of food consumption. This physiological response helps prepare the digestive system for the incoming meal. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because grocery shopping, fasting, and exercise do not directly stimulate digestive secretions in the same way that the sight or smell of food does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Gas formation in the colon is primarily due to bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates. Choice A, consuming refined foods, is incorrect as gas formation is not directly linked to refined foods but rather undigested carbohydrates. Choice B, drinking excess water, is incorrect as water consumption does not lead to gas formation in the colon. Choice C, swallowing air while eating, is incorrect as this may cause belching but not gas formation in the colon. The correct answer is D because bacterial action on organic compounds, specifically undigested carbohydrates, leads to gas production in the colon.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: portal blood system. After absorption, carbohydrates and proteins are transported via the portal blood system to the liver for further processing and distribution to the rest of the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Enterohepatic circulation refers to the recycling of compounds between the liver and the intestines, not the direct route for absorbed nutrients. Gastrointestinal circulation is a vague and non-specific term, not specifically related to the transport of absorbed nutrients. The common bile duct is involved in transporting bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine, not the end products of carbohydrate and protein digestion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Enterogastrone. Enterogastrone is a hormone that inhibits excessive gastric activity by slowing down stomach contractions and emptying. Gastrin (choice A) stimulates gastric acid secretion, secretin (choice C) regulates pH levels in the duodenum, and cholecystokinin (choice D) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and bile.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Glycerol.' Glycerol, a component of fat, can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. Glycogen (Choice A) is a polysaccharide stored in animals, not a component of fat. Fatty acids (Choice B) are used primarily for energy production through beta-oxidation, not for gluconeogenesis. Monoglyceride (Choice D) is a molecule formed during fat digestion, but it is not the component of fat that can be used to make glucose.