ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common signs of digoxin toxicity, which can lead to serious complications like dysrhythmias. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent further harm to the client.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used in patients with heart failure. The nurse should monitor for signs of hyperkalemia, which is a potential side effect of spironolactone therapy. Hyperkalemia can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias, so close monitoring of potassium levels is essential to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Because the abuse of alcohol is a common factor associated with the development of pancreatitis, the first assessment step is to screen for alcohol use using a validated screening questionnaire. The SMAST-G is a short-form alcoholism screening instrument tailored specifically to the needs of the older adult. If the patient scores positively on the SMAST-G, then the CIWA-Ar would be a useful tool for determining treatment. The DAST-10 provides more general information regarding substance use. The Mini-Mental State Examination is used to screen for cognitive impairment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Patients on warfarin should avoid foods high in vitamin K because vitamin K can interfere with the anticoagulant effect of the medication. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods may decrease the effectiveness of the medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Omeprazole is best taken before meals for optimal effectiveness in reducing stomach acid production and promoting ulcer healing. Taking it before meals allows the medication to act on the proton pumps before food intake triggers acid production, thereby maximizing its therapeutic benefits.