ATI Pediatric Medications Test

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to reduced blood flow from the heart to the body. This narrowing restricts the amount of oxygenated blood that can reach various tissues, including muscles. As a result, individuals with aortic stenosis may experience exercise intolerance, as their muscles may not receive an adequate oxygen supply during physical activity. This can manifest as fatigue, shortness of breath, and overall decreased exercise capacity. Pallor (choice A) is a pale appearance that may be seen in anemia or other conditions affecting blood flow but is not specific to aortic stenosis. Hyperactivity (choice B) and gastrointestinal disturbances (choice D) are not typically associated with aortic stenosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Evaluation is the correct stage in the nursing process to determine if the patient has achieved the expected outcomes. During the evaluation stage, the healthcare provider assesses the effectiveness of the care plan and decides on any necessary adjustments to reach the desired goals. Choice A, Implementation, is incorrect because this stage involves putting the care plan into action. Choice C, Assessment, is incorrect as it is the stage where data about the patient's health status is gathered. Choice D, Diagnosis, is also incorrect as it is the stage where the healthcare provider identifies the patient's health problems based on the assessment data.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Yes, the child is displaying danger signs with symptoms such as fever and rapid breathing, indicating a potential serious health issue that requires immediate attention. The correct answer is 'Yes' because the symptoms described in Madam KK's complaints align with danger signs that suggest a severe health problem. Choices B and C are incorrect because the symptoms mentioned clearly indicate the presence of danger signs. Choice D is a duplicate of choice A and does not provide a valid alternative.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's best reply to Nana Esi is option C: 'Your body does not make insulin, so the insulin injections help to replace it.' In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin, necessitating insulin injections for survival. Option A is incorrect as type 1 diabetes always requires insulin therapy. Option B is inaccurate as pills do not replace the function of insulin. Option D is also incorrect as there is no age restriction on using insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), there is a state of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Normal saline is the initial fluid of choice to help restore intravascular volume and improve electrolyte balance. It also helps to correct acidosis. Potassium chloride IV infusion is commonly added to the treatment regimen once kidney function is confirmed to prevent hypokalemia. Dextrose 5% IV infusion is not the first-line treatment for DKA as it can worsen hyperglycemia. Ringer's Lactate is not typically used as the initial fluid for managing DKA as it contains potassium and could worsen hyperkalemia.