HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphysis. The diaphysis refers to the middle region of a long bone, such as the humerus. In this case, the orthopedic surgeon is describing the part of the bone where the break has occurred. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Epiphysis is the end of a long bone, not the middle region. B: Articular cartilage is the smooth, slippery surface covering the ends of bones in a joint, not the middle region. C: Perichondrium is the connective tissue surrounding cartilage, not the middle region.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Exocytosis is the process where the cell releases substances outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the mechanism of exocytosis. The other choices are incorrect because: A. Describes endocytosis, not exocytosis. C. Describes pinocytosis, not exocytosis. D. Describes phagocytosis, not exocytosis. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it specifically relates to the process of exocytosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a key organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, removing old or damaged red blood cells, and producing white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in the immune system. Incorrect choices: A: nervous system - The spleen is not part of the nervous system; it is not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. B: integumentary system - The spleen is not part of the integumentary system, which includes skin, hair, and nails. D: urinary system - The spleen is not part of the urinary system, which includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.