HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: veins. Veins have the lowest blood pressure among the structures listed. This is because veins carry blood back to the heart from the body, and by the time blood reaches the veins, it has already passed through the arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins, losing pressure along the way. Arteries (choice A) have high pressure to deliver blood away from the heart, arterioles (choice B) regulate blood flow, and venules (choice C) connect capillaries to veins. Veins have thin walls and are more compliant, allowing them to carry blood at a lower pressure back to the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: right atrium. The vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They empty into the right atrium, which is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle for pumping to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles; they empty into the atria. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the anatomical pathway of blood flow from the vena cavae back to the heart.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: posterior. The dorsal body cavity is located on the back side of the body, opposite the ventral body cavity which is on the front side. Therefore, the dorsal body cavity is posterior to the ventral body cavity in anatomical position. Choice A (medial) refers to being closer to the midline, not the relationship between dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice B (deep) refers to being further from the surface, not the relative position of the dorsal and ventral cavities. Choice D (anterior) refers to being in front, which is the opposite direction of the dorsal body cavity in relation to the ventral body cavity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular heartbeat. Stenosis of a heart valve can cause restricted blood flow, leading to abnormal heart rhythms. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in irregular heartbeats. Abdominal pain (A) is not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve. Blood clots (B) are more commonly linked to conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Edema (swelling) in organs (C) is usually a result of fluid retention, which can be seen in heart failure but is not directly caused by stenosis of a heart valve.