HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets starch, breaking it down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process occurs in the mouth and small intestine, aiding in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase does not digest fat (choice B) or protein (choice C), which are broken down by lipase and protease enzymes, respectively. Amylase also does not directly absorb water (choice D), as its main role is in starch digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is A, breaking down starch.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the intercostal muscles assist with respiration by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax during inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, these muscles contract to lift the ribcage, expanding the thoracic cavity to allow the lungs to fill with air. During exhalation, they relax to decrease the thoracic cavity size, helping to expel air from the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the intercostal muscles do not directly protect the delicate bronchioles and alveoli. Choice B is incorrect as these muscles do not signal a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure. Choice D is incorrect because the primary function of the intercostal muscles is not to maintain a medial separation between pleurae.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the lateral side of the knee is the side farthest from the left knee. To determine this, visualize the body in anatomical position and observe that the right side is the outer side of the knee joint, making it the lateral side. The kneecap (A) is the patella, located at the front of the knee, not the lateral side. Being closest to the left knee (B) is inaccurate as the lateral side is actually on the opposite side. On the underside of the knee (D) refers to the posterior aspect, not the lateral side.