HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Serotonin is the correct answer as it regulates sleep, mood, and appetite. Serotonin is known as the "feel-good" neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating these functions. It helps to maintain a balanced mood, promote feelings of well-being, and regulate sleep patterns and appetite. Oxytocin is mainly involved in social bonding and childbirth. Cortisol is a stress hormone that regulates metabolism and immune response. Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly controls sleep, mood, and appetite.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system. The skin, part of the integumentary system, contains sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. When these receptors are stimulated, they send signals to the brain via the nervous system, allowing us to perceive and respond to various stimuli. This interaction is crucial for our ability to sense and navigate our environment. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the integumentary system does not specifically remove heat from neurons, circulate nutrients outward, or have messages from the nervous system affecting the color and texture of the skin. These functions are not primary interactions between the integumentary system and the nervous system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the lateral side of the knee is the side farthest from the left knee. To determine this, visualize the body in anatomical position and observe that the right side is the outer side of the knee joint, making it the lateral side. The kneecap (A) is the patella, located at the front of the knee, not the lateral side. Being closest to the left knee (B) is inaccurate as the lateral side is actually on the opposite side. On the underside of the knee (D) refers to the posterior aspect, not the lateral side.