HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occipital lobe. This part of the brain is located at the most posterior position, towards the back of the head. It primarily processes visual information. The frontal lobe (A) is at the front of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions. The parietal lobe (B) is located towards the top of the brain, involved in sensory processing and spatial awareness. The temporal lobe (C) is situated on the sides of the brain, associated with auditory processing and memory. Thus, the occipital lobe is the most posterior part of the brain, making it the correct answer in this case.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Approximately 30. The human skull is composed of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones. These bones together form the structure of the skull. Choice A (Approximately 5) is incorrect as the skull consists of more than 5 bones. Choice C (Approximately 60) and Choice D (Approximately 210) are incorrect as they greatly overestimate the actual number of bones in the human skull. The correct answer, B, aligns with the anatomical knowledge of the human skull structure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: right atrium. The vena cavae are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. They empty into the right atrium, which is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood. The blood then passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle for pumping to the lungs for oxygenation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the vena cavae do not empty into the ventricles; they empty into the atria. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the anatomical pathway of blood flow from the vena cavae back to the heart.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood occurs. This is where oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released into the air. Pleura (A) is the membrane surrounding the lungs, trachea (B) is the windpipe, and bronchioles (C) are smaller airways within the lungs that lead to the alveoli but do not participate directly in gas exchange. Therefore, the alveoli are the site where nearly all gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the lungs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inflammation. Inflammation is a secondary defense mechanism that occurs when tissues are injured, triggering a response to remove harmful stimuli and promote healing. It involves increased blood flow, white blood cell migration, and release of cytokines. Tears (A) and mucus (D) are primary defenses that help prevent pathogens from entering the body. Urine (B) is not a defense mechanism but rather a waste product excreted by the kidneys. In summary, inflammation plays a crucial role in fighting pathogens by mobilizing the immune system, making it the correct secondary defense mechanism choice.