HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Into upper and lower regions. A transverse section divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions. This is known as the transverse plane, which runs perpendicular to the long axis of the body. It separates the body into distinct upper (superior) and lower (inferior) sections. Choice A is incorrect because dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done through a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is achieved through a frontal or coronal section. Choice D is incorrect because the dorsal and ventral cavities are divided by a midsagittal section, not a transverse section.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because endocytosis is a process in which the cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles around them. This allows the cell to bring in large molecules or particles that are too big to pass through the cell membrane on their own. Choice B is incorrect because endocytosis involves engulfing solid particles, not liquid material. Choice C is incorrect because endocytosis is about bringing particles into the cell, not expelling them. Choice D is incorrect because endocytosis involves the cell taking in material, not releasing it.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (70 or higher) because high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol that helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. HDL levels of 70 or higher are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. Regular testing of HDL levels is recommended to monitor cardiovascular health. Choice B (60) is not as optimal as 70 or higher. Choices C (50) and D (40) are even lower and would indicate a higher risk of heart disease. Regular testing is crucial to track changes in HDL levels for early intervention if needed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Copper. Copper is essential for the formation of red blood cells as it is a component of enzymes involved in iron metabolism, which is crucial for hemoglobin production. Selenium, calcium, and magnesium do not play a direct role in red blood cell formation. Selenium is important for antioxidant functions, calcium is crucial for bone health, and magnesium is involved in various metabolic processes but not specifically in red blood cell formation. Therefore, copper is the correct answer as it directly contributes to the production of red blood cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diaphysis. The diaphysis refers to the middle region of a long bone, such as the humerus. In this case, the orthopedic surgeon is describing the part of the bone where the break has occurred. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Epiphysis is the end of a long bone, not the middle region. B: Articular cartilage is the smooth, slippery surface covering the ends of bones in a joint, not the middle region. C: Perichondrium is the connective tissue surrounding cartilage, not the middle region.