HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet 2024

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: thiamine. Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. Thiamine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and nerve function. Without enough thiamine, the body cannot produce sufficient energy, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness, nerve damage, and heart problems. Choice B (vitamin C) is incorrect because vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, not beriberi. Choice C (niacin) deficiency causes pellagra, not beriberi. Choice D (protein) deficiency can lead to various health issues, but it is not directly related to beriberi.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: thiamine. Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of thiamine, also known as vitamin B1. Thiamine plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and nerve function. Without enough thiamine, the body cannot produce sufficient energy, leading to symptoms like muscle weakness, nerve damage, and heart problems. Choice B (vitamin C) is incorrect because vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, not beriberi. Choice C (niacin) deficiency causes pellagra, not beriberi. Choice D (protein) deficiency can lead to various health issues, but it is not directly related to beriberi.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, while the aortic valve allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. Therefore, when both valves are open, blood is being pumped out of the heart to circulate throughout the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the specific pathway of blood flow when the pulmonary and aortic valves are open.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Answer C is correct because anatomically, the hip is closer to the body's midline than the knee. Proximal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment or origin, which in this case is the body. The hip joint connects the thigh bone to the pelvis, and it is closer to the body's midline compared to the knee joint, which is further down the leg. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: The knee is actually proximal to the ankle. Distal means further away from the point of attachment or origin, so the ankle is distal to the knee. B: The heart is superior to the diaphragm. The heart is located above the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity. D: The wrist is distal to the elbow. The wrist is further away from the point of attachment (the body) compared to the elbow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular heartbeat. Stenosis of a heart valve can cause restricted blood flow, leading to abnormal heart rhythms. This occurs because the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, resulting in irregular heartbeats. Abdominal pain (A) is not typically associated with stenosis of a heart valve. Blood clots (B) are more commonly linked to conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Edema (swelling) in organs (C) is usually a result of fluid retention, which can be seen in heart failure but is not directly caused by stenosis of a heart valve.